Introduction:
Crime or offense is an act detrimental not only to as a single individual but also to a
community, society, state, or country. The acts alias the crime is illegal and such punishable by
law (Lee, 2001). Every crime committed violates the law, but on difference, every violation of
the law is categorized as a crime. For a crime to be punishable in a court session, there is a need
for evidence and collection of relevant data. The data is researched and organized by the
criminologists. Thus, studying the topic is very important. Predominately, criminologists play a
vital role in the criminal justice theory. They are the individuals who conduct research, teach as
well as work with diverse code enforcement bodies. Moreover, the study the social and
psychological elements that trigger human into committing crimes as well as research which
approaches to rehabilitation performance and fail to function. Studying the topic of sin is
essential for it provides a diverse knowledge of what crime is, the methods and procedures to be
followed up to conviction of a criminal.
Methods of Crime Scene Search
There are three types of crime scenes which are outdoor, conveyance, and indoor.
Depending on each crime scene, different techniques are deployed in the search. Consequently,
there are distinctive types of crimes; for instance, assault, kidnapping, homicide, cybercrime,
rape, or sexual assault. One of the primary methods of crime search is the point to point the way.
The technique involves search by following a series of objective, which is clear evidence. Spiral
explorations is another technique deployed where its carried out by one criminologist. The
investigator moves in a round fashion starting from the outer to radius point of the crime scene. It
is eluded that starting from the center point would destroy the evidence, thus a safe way from
out.
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Searching indoors is another technique which involves walls and ceiling being
investigated beat to perform from up towards epicenter. Critical evidence can be recognized in
the faintly salient places. On the other hand, a free method is another method; heterogeneous of
the indoor practice in that evidence may be found in the less clear-cut. Center on flimsy evidence
for it may be shattered. Zone method is another technique that incorporates a zone being divided
into smaller zones. The zones are searched predominately finding for a small item.
Collection and Identification of Evidence
In court, evidence serves as an essential aspect in determining the side of the case;
whether falling on complainant or defendant. The conviction at the end of the law listening and
decision will fall either to the plaintiff or the suspect. A crime scene is any location that may be
analogous to a committed crime. A crime scene carries the physical evidence that is relevant to a
criminal investigation. The evidence is gathered by the criminologists or the Crime Scene
Investigators in conjunction with Law Enforcement. Crime scene does not limit to a location, but
also it can be a person, object, or place which is linked to the behaviors described or done by the
criminal that has been committed.
“To identify evidence from a crime scene, several steps have to be carried out. For
instance, measures are taken and recorded to protect as well as secure contamination of the stage.
Blocking and keeping track of entrance and leaving done by law enforcement urgency the site of
crime is maintained to observe integrity” (Ogle, 2007). Observing the above precaution leads to
the presentation of correct evidence in a court of law. Contaminated evidence, tempered
evidence, or mistreatment of the crime scene will result in rejection of the case in a court. For
evidence to be proved valid, the following aspects are taken from a crime scene; fingerprints,
footprints, fluid spots like blood, hairs, fire debris, fibers, and tire tracks. Another proof taken to
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facilitate evidence is closed-circuit television (CCTV) footages. Over and above, there are
different types of testimonies based on the form of sources. Thus, it can be written or oral,
exhibits, documented sources or demonstration where this is validated significantly by the jury.
(Wilkey, 1978) “It’s important to give and concentrate on the correct evidence or case
information.”
Legal Requirements for Court Presentation In A Criminal Court
There is the law of evidence or the rules of evidence. They are the codes that entail the
rules as well as the core principles that rule the proof of facts in legal prosecution. The law
determines the type of evidence that is mandated or ignored by the Trier of the event in arriving
at decisions. Judge or magistrate is the Trier of fact in bench trials. Quanta, quality in
conjunction with the proof type expected to storm in litigation are also other aspects considered
by the law of evidence. The legal requirements vary depending upon whether the crime scene is
a criminal court, civil court, or family court. The variance is distinctive by jurisdiction (Melton,
1997). Some of the standard requirements or codes are; witness English common law tradition
which states that all the evidence must be presented by a witness where the witness has been
sworn or solemnly affirmed to spit the bare truth, authentication rule calls for verifications of
documented proof, and Tampering and falsification is another code which is considered valid if
any act is related to the activities of destroying shreds of evidence (Clermont, 2001).
Conclusion, Issues, and Recommendations
Crime scenes are to be highly protected. They are the backbone of cases in a court of law.
Unfortunately, evidence destruction is one of the significant challenges. A subject practices it to
evade the fall of the rule to their side. I can substantially recommend having a new way of
maintaining evidence like the deployment of technology.
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References:
Clermont, K. M., & Eisenberg, T. (2001). Appeal from Jury or Judge Trial: Defendants'
Advantage. American Law and Economics Review, 3(1), 125-164.
Ogle, R. R. (2007). Crime scene investigation and reconstruction: with guidelines for crime
scene search and physical evidence collection. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Wilkey, M. R. (1978). The exclusionary rule: Why suppress valid evidence. Judicature, 62, 214.
Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N. G., & Slobogin, C. (1997). Psychological evaluations for
the courts.
Lee, H. C., Palmbach, T., & Miller, M. T. (2001). Henry Lee's crime scene handbook. Academic
Press.