Definitions
The theory of ethics involves synthesizing, defending, and recommending different concepts that evaluate the behaviors of people in the society. It can be divided into three areas including normative, applied, and meta-ethics
Bioethics is the study of different ethical considerations that advance from the development in fields of medicine and biology. Additionally, it involves the assessment of philosophical concerns regarding various medical procedures, treatments, and technologies, including organ transplant and genetic engineering.
Social Darwinism is a theory that asserts that both individuals and groups are subject to the Darwinian law. The law relates to natural selection, which refers to the argument that organisms that are fittest for an environment are the most likely to survive. It can also be used in elucidating the success rate of certain community groups.
Eugenics is the study of the possibility of improving the quality of the human population or human species through different means, including limiting reproduction by individuals that have various genetic defects or those that are presumed to have undesirable traits.
The social construction in biology refers to theories of knowledge that explain traits that are thought to be immutable. The characteristics encompass gender, ability, class, and race. Additionally, they are regarded as the products of human definition that help in shaping historical and cultural contexts.
Epistemology is one of the subdivisions of philosophy that scrutinizes the origin of approaches and restrictions of human knowledge. Furthermore, it can be referred to as the theory of knowledge that evaluates the validity, distinction, and scope between justified belief and opinion.
The scientific method can be termed as the steps that are considered natural science and contains different ways, including observation, research, measurement, evaluation, and assessing of various hypotheses. Essentially, to be considered as scientific, a practice must be founded on quantifiable and empirical proof that must be exposed to specific reasoning.
The hypothetico-deductive model is a proposed explanation of scientific methods. Additionally, it involves the interpretation of scientific inquiry through the formulation of a hypothesis in a manner that can be falsified through testing observable information.
Theory dependent refers to the explanations of the link between different variables in research and is used to assess the relationship between the dependent and independent phenomena.
The ethical iceberg is defined as a principle that states that in most cases only a limited amount of data about a certain phenomenon is visible, and the factual information remains hidden.
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that asserts that the best cause of action is the one that maximizes the level of utility. Furthermore, it elaborates that an effort is only morally straight if its consequences promote happiness levels.
Hedonic calculus is a process conveyed by Jeremy Bentham that was utilized in calculating the quantity of pleasure that is expected to be triggered by a definite action.
Common morality is defined as a moral system used by thoughtful individuals when making moral judgments or decisions. Understandably, it is used in assessing the behavior of others or how well people relate to the environment.
Double effect is a method that is often employed to elaborate on the likelihood of an occurrence to cause harm, which may result in death as a side effect of encouraging a good ending.
Distributive justice is a doctrine that addresses the ownership of commodities in the society. In essence, it assumes that the distribution process is carried out under equal measurement.