POLITICAL PARTIES
The Federalist Paper #9 says that in a larger confederate state, a faction predisposed to oppression would experience more difficult moment while trying to grab authority than in a significantly smaller nation. The Paper states that even though the fiction pleads with the similar number of individuals at it can convince in a differently seized nation, the proportion that the number stands for would be greatly lesser in the big nation. This signifies that a big nation is better off than a small one. According to the Federalist Paper #10, Madison states that they cannot eradicate fictions because doing so would necessitate either rejecting civil liberties or rather imposing conformity. Factions are said to be natural and that the most ordinary cause is the uneven allocation of property. Madison urges that even though they cannot remove the factionalism causes, they can alleviate the effects and he identifies both societal and institutional means to do so.[1]
How
Long before the America revolution, political parties fear and factionalism used to be deeply embedded in Anglo-American culture. However, parties were eventually formed and had their commencements in the cabinet of Washington. In 1973, Jefferson, who had resigned as the Washington’s State Secretary and Madison, who originally started to contest the strategies of Alexander Hamilton at the same time as an affiliate of the House of Representatives, became united. Jointly, they were essential to the formation of the initial political party in the U.S. At the same time, those who complied with Hamilton started to prepare their own party, therefore leading to the formation of two party systems. [2]
When
In 1976, the Americans held their first election in history whereby the political aspirants at the local, state and national level started to operate for office as affiliates of organized political parties, which held strongly the resisting political principles. To most of the elder leaders of the revolutionary Era, this was a shocking and spectacular new phenomenon, especially Madison, the first person to realize the importance of having political parties. He thought that they would just serve as short-term alliances for particular controversial elections. Therefore, it is during this first election that defines elements of current political life started to emerge.
Why
The reason as to why political parties were formed is due to the disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson. As a result, Jefferson, the founder of the Democratic Republicans, predicted the United States progressing as an agrarian culture. Hamilton, who formed Federalist Party, envisioned the United States becoming more urbanized and dependent on big businesses. In addition, there were disagreements over understanding of the constitution with the Democrat Republicans giving the centralized government what authorities were clearly stated in the constitution. The parties were meant to bring together people with similar ideals.
Changes
The political parties system in U.S has drastically changed. Today, the parties use computers while drawing up lists of potential supporters and to capture community opinion polls to investigate the voters’ views on particular issues. The state use advertising to shape the public opinions and contend for complimentary media reporting for their aspirants. The United States election campaigns have become enormously expensive and fund raising is the major component of the parties’ work. Special interest groups that are capable of raising money to turn out electors for aspirants they support have increased in influence. The federal and State laws manage the ways the political parties raise and use money. Therefore, everything has changed and nothing remains the same as in the past.[3]
Bibliography
John Bibby, “Parties in the Government”, in Politics, Parties, and Elections in America, 3d ed., (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1996), 273-313.
John Bibby, “The Party Battle in America”, in Politics, Parties, and Elections in America, 3d ed., (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1996), 17-47.
Joseph Bessette & John Pitney American, “Government and Politics”, Deliberation, Democracy, and Citizenship. (United States: Cengage Learning, 2013).
[1] Joseph Bessette & John Pitney American, “Government and Politics”, Deliberation, Democracy, and Citizenship. (United States: Cengage Learning, 2013).
[2] John Bibby, “Parties in the Government”, in Politics, Parties, and Elections in America, 3d ed., (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1996), 273-313.
[3] John Bibby, “The Party Battle in America”, in Politics, Parties, and Elections in America, 3d ed., (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1996), 17-47.