Religion, as presented by the different authors of the texts, depicts the existence of different ideologies in the traditional society. Notably, James notes that although kings have the ultimate power to rule, they are still answerable to God (James 187). Oliver Cromwell, on the other hand, concludes that through faith England has increasingly become victorious in battles. However, Thomas Hobbes fails to elaborate the impact of religion in the society but instead focuses on aspects that define human nature. Furthermore, he notes that man’s ability to maintain peace can only be enhanced by the fear of death and the desire for commodious living.
Robinson asserts that religion is the pillar to the success of the society and that every king of England should adhere to the laws of God and to protect the interest of the church. Lastly, John Locke discusses the relationship between nature and man through evaluating political power and respect to the established laws. Although the author fails to directly talk about religion, he points out the influence of nature in the development of laws that govern the human society. The absence of religion in this reading signifies the dynamic nature of leadership and how the traditional community undermined their spiritual beliefs in solving different complications.
Question 2
Galileo used scientific experimentation such as the application of astronomy methods to establish the real structure of the universe. His support for the Copernicus theory increased his rift with the church. Bacon, on the other hand, concentrated on developing the principles of inductive thinking and emphasized on man’s association with nature (Hodgson n.p). Furthermore, stated that he did not believe in God but trusted the already developed theories such as the Alcoran and Talmud. Peter the great research helped in reforming the Russian society by establishing the Orthodox Church and solidifying the belief in the existence of God.
Works cited
Hodgson, Peter E. Theology and modern physics. Routledge, 2017.
James I, “True Law of Free Monarchies,” as reprinted in J. R. Tanner, Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James I 1602-1625 (1930), p 187.