Entrepreneurship Sample Essay
Entrepreneurship
An entrepreneur is an individual who creatively comes up with ideas that he or she further transforms for the economic benefits while assuming all related risks. Brannback and Carsrud define an entrepreneur as an individual who is associated with generation of new activities while ensuring the act is done (4). Entrepreneurship is therefore the process of discovering various ways of combing resources to realize a market value.
It additionally involves undertaking a business activity that creates non-monetary and monetary benefits to the industrialist. An entrepreneur according to Abrams is a person who carries out leadership and managerial duties in an organization (3). Industrialization is also focused on innovation and creativity triggering distribution, production and sale of different products and services.
The activity is additionally quite significant as it plays a focal role in the growth of economy in the US. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the US, more than two million jobs were created by the newly created firms in 2010. In this regard, entrepreneurship leads to more employment opportunities in the US and is essential because it comes up with new technologies and ideas.
The U.S is additionally among the top countries that are technologically advanced across the globe. New technology allows for enhanced economic growth and offering effective solutions to social and environmental issues (Brannback and Carsrud (6). It is also essential in wealth creation at personal and national level. For instance, Bill Gates designates ninety percent of his personal earning to the foundation addressing global health issues.
Therefore, he contributed a great deal to the reduction of social issues by offering access to wealth to the less privileged in the society. Entrepreneurship is therefore paramount in the economy of the US.
There are different features that make an industrialist success in a business venture. To begin with, the individual should be very passionate with what he or she is engaging in since passion requires that a person should completely love what he or she is doing (Abrams 4). The mindset of an entrepreneur involves passionately looking for opportunities. The other entrepreneurial mindset feature is risk taking.
Getting into a new business is always a risk and involves perils. For instance an entrepreneur is not assured that the business will ultimately generate profits and that he or she may end up losing personal equity. An entrepreneur focuses a lot of his energy one plan execution despite any possible challenge that one may come across.
The entrepreneurial traditional mindset however differs a great deal from the modern mindset since traditional industrialists have a mind that is more fixed while modern counterparts are more flexible growth mindset.
The intelligence level in a fixed mindset is often static while that of a growth mindset is always growing. Industrialists traditionally could avoid challenges in an effort to appear smart as opposed to modern ones who embrace challenges as they come with the desire to learn from then. An entrepreneur with a growth mindset also embraces criticism while traditional mindset industrialist always assumes negative feedback and even avoids learning from critics.
In the end, the modern entrepreneur reaches a high achievement level to become an inspiration to others.
An entrepreneur also generates new business ideas via a thorough market research and reinvents an older idea. Market research is a continuous process that involves going around to the potential market area and identifying businesses in existence. During the visit, an industrialist will focus on the issue in a given market area. Therefore, he or she generates an ideal problem inventory analysis, a method that is quite effective in generating new ideas as well as solutions by focusing on issues.
Additionally, market research involves the use of target group that offer information in a format that is structured. These methods help an entrepreneur to get ideal knowledge of the market area that he or she is interested in. other sources of business information includes free association, modification of an existing idea and brainstorming. An entrepreneur is can also choose to reinvent an old idea and add value to it thus, making it a very successful business venture.
A person through free association as well as brainstorming can help create new ideas and venture into it. Additionally, in keeping up with modern trends and monitoring the business market, one can develop brilliant and exceptional entrepreneurship ideas.
Business ideas are mainly found within us and when an industrialist encounters a challenge, he or she will try to find an ideal solution. For example, when a person feels dissatisfied or frustrated by a given service or product, he or she will consider better ways to modify the product thus, becoming a successful industrialist.
According to Brannback and Casrud, for an industrialist to get new ideas, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the business environment (23). The business environment includes consumers, suppliers, competitors as well as the state. It is therefore easy to determine whether the client is satisfied with a given product or not. If not satisfied, the industrialist can consider new ways of enhancing the client to ensure the client is satisfied.
A business idea is usually different from a business opportunity since an opportunity is an idea that is just getting started. Ideas are in abundance while opportunities are often scarce especially when it comes to creating a profitable business (Brannback and Carsrud 26). Lucrative business opportunities are often driven by clients as the entrepreneur identifies clients with the ability to purchase products thus generating a significant amount of cash flow. An opportunity is also closely related to the likes of an entrepreneur and has a passion of engaging in the business.
On the other hand, a business idea can be generated from different sources including reading an article or even 
sourcing it from a person hence, not aligned with the interests of an entrepreneur. A business opportunity also calls for ideal timing unlike in the case of an idea since it can be generated at any given time and immediately put into practice.
An industrialist can also develop an idea and stay for a long period of time trying to observe market trends until he or she is satisfied or gets an ideal opportunity to engage in a business. Depending on just ideas leads to failure on the part of an entrepreneur since there is need to acknowledge an economic advantage on competitors.
A business opportunity also involves having clear market awareness and possible challenges that one is likely to face (Brannback and Carsrud 28). Even so, a business opportunity can be arrived at by observing trends in the market where an industrialist also gets an idea. Entrepreneurship begins with generation of an idea, identification of a lucrative business opportunity and taking the right steps to transform the idea into a business.
A business plan is divided into different sections that have various objectives
Executive summary
An executive summary is a review of the business plan and is usually the last thing to be drafted. The details in the summary focus on the industrialist’s experience as well as background details of a given venture. Its main purpose is to summary major points of the business plan to help save the time the reader spends on the plan (Finch 18). It also aims at tapping the attention of the reader and to entire them into reading the entire document.
Venture description
This part contains a clear definition of products and services including their worth, features and visual aids (Finch 18). Protection of a product as well as its patent rights is also contained in venture description in the plan. It also includes the location of the business, its size, target market and brief history. Lastly, it consists of a competitive advantage of the business venture as well as its main purpose of offering a clear insight to the reader on the feasibility of the venture.
Market analysis
This part of the business plan clearly outlines the knowledge of an entrepreneur on the industry and monetary forecasts (Finch 20). It also defines the outlook of the market and present growth rate trends, main client groups and specific industry features. It also consists of estimated share of the market, pricing and gross margin targets.
Marketing plan
A marketing plan definition outlines different methods that will be utilizes in sales marketing. Its main purpose is to achieve measureable and reasonable promotion methods.
Management team
This part shows authority hierarchy in the business world from the top management to the lowest level. It focuses on various managerial roles in the business premise.
Operation plan
This part includes facilities and tools in the business and the stock needed in the business.
Financial plan
Financial plan consists of complete guide on the capital required in the business as well as the expected employee salaries.
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Work cited
Abrams, Rhoda. Entrepreneurship: a real world Approach. 2012. Print.
Carsrud, Alan L, and Malin E. Brännback. Entrepreneurship. Westport, Conn. [u.a.: Greenwood Press, 2007. Print.
Finch, Brian. How to Write a Business Plan. London: Kogan Page, 2013. Internet resource.
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Learning Journal Essay
Learning Journal
This journal outlines a wide range of my learning experiences during my MBA program, stating particular achievements and skills acquired in every course that I undertook together with my personal growth and development. I have mainly focused on areas, which I feel had a significant impact throughout this program. This is directly linked to the connect-ability and conveying various aspects, which I plan to execute as I do environmental work. Importantly, these approaches further delve in my background and experiences, borrowing from what I would have done differently. However, the weighted analogue does not mean that the other courses were of no value to my course, as limited time and space were major determinants while working on this learning journal.
As an MBA student, I have perfected the art of planning, managing, organizing and successful coordination especially in a complex environment, which characterizes private and publics. Importantly, all these activities must take place within existing legal and societal frameworks. In essence, ethics has been a pillar throughout this program. Notably, my native culture is different from this country’s beliefs. Nonetheless, appreciating the diversity of culture is the best way of learning about ethics. This is because what some people consider ethical could be unethical in some parts of the world.
Strategy formulation and implementation course had a great impact on my understanding of business. During the program, I realized my ability to see things from a bigger angle and I was always motivated to participate in teamwork to achieve set targets and goals. Although I have mentioned this in-depth in my curriculum vitae and during the interview, visualizing myself in a team that the organization wanted was not easy. It was quite momentous and memorable when the tutor outlined the steps followed in strategy formulation.
As a customer service officer at Berlitz Language Institute, I appreciated the role of communication and excellent interpersonal skills in good business management. Having completed this MBA program, I am certain that I would approach the same task differently and achieve better results if given the same job. Even though I would still apply communication and interpersonal skills largely, this MBA program has changed their mental application. With these skills, I see a shift of my focus with a high possibility of taking up the line business marketing. Having tackled Marketing Management in this program, I now appreciate the significance of marketing in order to excel in the market. I also have an understanding of various marketing attributes, which was through training that addressed principles of market segmentation, target market, relationship marketing, competitor analysis, market research, marketing strategies and promotion planning.
After internalizing the situation at Berlitz, the business hit the ceiling during my second year at the company. During that time, the business heavily depended on the existing market of continuing students who opted to enroll for an additional course at the university. With this approach of having, a market niche helped in meeting the needs of students holistically. While this was an excellent target market approach, the university failed to address the growing need of evening classes for the working class people, who are seeking enrolment for different courses. With the expanding market of the working class and the demand for evening and weekend programs, I would be a key player in developing a marketing strategy that is different from the traditional approach.
Through this program, I have mastered how to establish a strategy and visualized a strategic plan for Al Salam Medical Clinic in Saudi Arabia, where I worked as a receptionist. Even though I was involved directly into the management of the clinic, I grasped business operations at the facility as I interacted with the ins and outs of the hospital. At the time, I was unable to establish a picture of the business but looking back; I see the loose ends and visualize the business position in terms of a bigger picture.
After conducting a SWOT analysis of the business based on my memory, I realized that the firm suffered because of the absence of a strategic plan to move the business forward. This would have been through capitalizing on a limiting public health system in Saudi Arabia to come up with a medical scheme in form of a product that captures the expatriates who cannot access medical services in public hospitals. The failure emanates from the usage of Arabic in branding business, failure to target this market segment and the biased attention to locals.
This program also covered project management, which was a key course in instilling me with teamwork skills. From my curriculum vitae, it is evident that working in teams is no longer a challenge to me, with a diverse cultural background, which allows me to deliver results within a given time. I have constantly used this attribute as my selling point whenever I go job interviews. However, I may have missed a mark by assuming that multicultural refers to striving in groups that have people of varying age, level of education, race and creed. Where groups have members with almost equal level of education, the same age group, and race and where color does not matter, being a team player also requires personal efforts.
Importantly, project management classes mainly focused on coming up with teams and working on practical projects within a specified duration. I was exposed to a range of aspects of projects including task formulation, project management, establishing surroundings, stakeholders and resources. We also covered tasks of a project manager together with organizational settings of projects. To achieve this, we had lectures on management styles that we should expect in different organizations. We undertook a range of projects under the leadership of team members and identified management styles in action. Through a personal evaluation, I was able to agree with the findings of a survey we carried out among classmates that saw me fall in the category of transformative leaders. This led to the readjustment of my career dreams from working towards realizing insights in situations to developing systems, which drive change within any environment. As such, I have come to realize that I give preference to administrative and entrepreneurial roles through early structural planning. The benefit of this has been the ability to overcome pressure during heated group discussions and visualize strategies before actual implementation.
Learning something new has always been my principle. I have demonstrated this through my work experience by always going an extra mile to hit the target. I now have a foundation for my career after undertaking courses in management science, financial accounting, business statistics, and accounting during this MBA program. I must however say that I experienced enormous challenges in early stages of the program since I lacked management background as I assumed that only accountants needed accounting knowledge. With an arts degree and diploma in Public Relations, I needed accounting skills to boost by capability. With time, I appreciated that management accounting, business statistics, and financial accounting were different from the ‘hard sciences’ mentality which I had conceived before. Because of my willingness to learn something new, I gained competency in a field, which I had never conceived before in my mind. This MBA program has also furthered my analytical and problem-solving skills, as I feel comfortable and well equipped in financial reporting, analysis and interpretation.
With macroeconomics and microeconomics units in the program, I gained skills in predicting market forces at all times. Microeconomics course covered theories of market forces, like demand and supply, cost analysis, price mechanisms, and resource allocation. On the other hand, macroeconomics focused on unemployment, inflation, economic growth and monetary policies. Because of the knowledge from this section of the program, I was able to understand market principles, allowing me to take note of the external and internal factors, which affect businesses. Evidently, microeconomic section majored in theoretical application, with minimal practical approaches. I only got the concepts by visualizing the issues based on my real life experiences.
Conclusion
This course was a milestone in expanding existing knowledge and adding new skills in finance, managing people, accounting, marketing, economics, and international business. I must confess that strategic decision-making stood out throughout the program. With this knowledge, I aspire to improve the lives of women and children in Saudi Arabia, as the world sees these people through the lenses of a restrictive culture. While this study and discussion touches on many areas of business management, it fails to address institutional frameworks, which could be used in the improvement of healthcare and education. As I go back to my country, I look forward to working closely with the vulnerable groups to spur change in Saudi Arabia. Now that I have realized the problem, it is upon me to develop a strategy to tackle it by applying all that I have learned in my MBA Program.
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Legal Requirements for Obtaining a Search Warrant in the US Essay
Legal Requirements for Obtaining a Search Warrant in the US
A search warrant refers to a request bearing the name of an individual, authorized by a justice or other legal power and giving search powers to an officer for a specified asset and presents the findings before the judge (Nova Scotia v. MacIntyre, 1982). Even though most officers know permissions and procedures for search warrants, several legal pitfalls could discredit a search warrant, lead to rejection of cases or trigger obligation suggestion, binding the officers involved (Holcomb, 2003). Thus, officers require prior legal knowledge surrounding search warrants with the aim of concealing the evidence. Throughout the processes, supporting Constitutional privileges is necessary for officers to discharge their duties ethically, morally and within legal confines devoid of pitfalls.
At all times, individuals have the right to be protected against unnecessary searches and seizures within their persons, houses, papers and impacts (Holcomb, 2003). It is worth noting that The Fourth Amendment prohibits irrational searches and seizures. A search is rational if a judge issues the warrant or under circumstances that necessitate search even without a warrant like a search for weapons after seizure. In case one lacks a “real desire of security” in whatever that is being searched, then The Fourth Amendment’s necessities are invalid.
Using technology to watch over an individual can infringe the Fourth Amendment rights of the searched individual. For instance, tapping a person’s phone calls is a common electronic observation, which the law has improved. Courts have however maintained that this could amount to search based on the Fourth Amendment since the law provides security rights in cases where the individual desires real protection. Courts have held that no one would want a government executor to tap phone calls during discussions. Therefore, an individual has the right of security if they legitimately show that the area under search is personal and or confidential. In this case, the law allows flexibility to tap discussions du ring penitentiary visits since it logically complies with jail security. With regard to the applicable to seizures and searches, the Fourth Amendment Warrant Clause applies to tapping. To get an e-observation warrant, one has to demonstrate the cards motive, depict the kind of discussion to tap, and specify the time.
Likewise, critical circumstances as with standard searches and seizures could invalidate acquisition of a warrant for law implementation. In case where an individual’s life is undermined, the national security is compromised or a plot to commit criminal acts, then the need for first getting warrant could be ignored.
Notably, Congress enacted a ranged of laws in 1986 regarding electronic observation and tapping under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). According to court interpretation of the Act, judges have the power to grant search warrants to law enforcement officers. Even though there are many established tests, the courts have maintained this position.
Additionally, the ECPA gives direction for people who come under illegal electronic investigations by the police. If a person goes against the ECPA through their practices, the victim may sue the individual for compensatory harms, reformatory harms, and fair alleviation where fair easing could correct the offense. Here, the offended may only sue the person who conducted the tapping minus unbiased gatherings, which accept the recording as a duplicate.
With the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 2006, telecommunication companies are involved when the law adopts wiretap. This allows access to frameworks and offices that allows tracking communication of one subscriber without infringing on the security rights of an alternate subscriber.
Case law further allows gathering of intelligence from foreign nationals through wiretapping as long as the goal of the practice does not go beyond the existing summon. As a result, the Congress adopted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 1978. The Act gives the evidence before getting an observation warrant together with methods that could be used during investigations and with remote knowledge. The Acts privileges further cover American subjects, which relate to investigation.
Importantly, FISA’s procurements allow investigations under two conditions. Firstly, FISA allows the President to order warrantless wiretapping where there potential severe harm to the US or when private activities on the legislature does not threaten any American. In the second scenario, a warrant may be issued outside sagacity, which falls below the threshold of the primary condition. For FISA to obtain this warrant there must be evidence that the person to be tapped exerts external force and that an outside force could utilize the spot for tapping. FISA too has a court framework under the Department of Justice. “FISA courts” mainly work towards getting warrants, requests steering agreeability, and tests to consistence requests.
However, the Patriot Act made changes on electronic communication laws, including the ECPA and FISA expanding the law to combat terrorism in the US. Importantly, the Patriot Act quashed room for the president to issue warrantless search orders against non-US nationals even though it entrenched US residents leading First Amendment-related exercises. The alterations also saw saved voicemails put under conventional search and seizure laws and from more severe observation laws.
The Patriot Act also allowed wandering wiretaps though they remained disputable. A wandering wiretapping occurs when a court issues a search warrant to officers without identifying the interchanges bearer and other gathering that could be included in the faucet. This is essential to the FBI and brainpower gathering neighborhoods because terrorists could temper with PCs, cell phones and emails so fast after correspondence and realizing that the legislature had tapped the system. This concerned common emancipations exercises as they opined that it undermined the Particularity Clause of the Fourth Amendment.
In understanding the history the US, it is important to note that one of the aims of the American Revolution was to ensure that the rule of law takes predominance in the society. In fact, the principle of law is always equated to an old phrase; the US is a country of laws. Under the principle of law, standards, which make up the US legitimate framework and without arbitrary whims and impulses of the legislature advocate for government activities.
Another line of qualification exists between force and power. Law enforcement officers have the obligation to lead investigations, make arrests, and use lethal force within the legal framework. Any action outside the law constitutes to criminal activity. A good example when Laurence Powell of LAPD was indicted for applying unnecessary force on Rodney King, who had been ceased for speeding. Powell repeatedly hit King even though he had complied and lay on the ground.
The amendment was important to create a protected cushion between Americans and the ruthless laws. The law has three parts. First, it allows protection of US nationals while in their persons, houses and impacts. The second part secures the first but baring unwarranted searches and seizures. The third section prohibits blind warrants and that warrants must identify the area of search and the person to seize.
Where there is a concealment hearing, Fourth Amendment inquiry will always arise throughout a criminal case. A plaintiff who asks for scrutiny of how police got confirmation against them and weigh if the investigation is protected provokes this kind of hearing. If the officers obtained the proof against the Fourth Amendment, then it is avoided during trial and is not presented to the jury (Moenssens, 2005). The Exclusionary Rule discourages officers from misconduct and protects litigants.
In cases where there thorough watchdog, the court is likely to prohibit any form of confirmation. First, it must establish if the Fourth Amendment applies to the case at hand. Before specific search or seizure offers ascent to Fourth Amendment assurance two conditions must be met. First, an administration executor should have led the search or seizure or as per government bearing. In addition, the activities everyone involved including state and law requirement officers and individuals will be liable to the limitation of the amendment. Bothering, wiretapping, and other exercises by private natives would miss Fourth Amendment insurance
Sometimes police perform and execute their obligation without warrants and most searches take place without warrants (Moenssens, 2005). This however does not give police permission to conduct unnecessary searches when a sensible desire of protection exists and there is no plausible reason.
A person has a right to deny police access to their premises if they appear asserting their intentions to conduct a search. However, sometimes people grant them entry to avoid being accused of meddling in investigations or avoid being hurt. Moreover, you have a right to say no to any search and you can put to task the officers to give a recognizable proof as to why they are in your area. The officers may as well read to you the warrant if they do not have a hard copy.
A police officer can obtain a search warrant by demonstrating to a judge or justice that a possible reason exists based on immediate data or prattle data. It is worth noting that the assets and person could be apprehended with search warrants. According to the law, it is easier to get a search warrant than finding evidence for an afterward sentencing. This is because the confirmation in the absence of a search warrant might be insufficient to convict.
In America, police do not require a warrant to search a car as long as there a likely causes to suggest that you intend to commit a crime. Considering the existing law, police may search travelers section, trunk, and car holders, potentially fit to hold the suspected object (Regini, 1999). In addition, officers do not require a warrant to conduct a search of a suspect’s external cover of the weapon if there is sensible suspicion for the interruption. In some cases, police would not require warrant i.e. where the person in charge of the item or items gives assent for search.
In cases involving leased property, the proprietor has a right to deny access to the premise in the absence of a warrant from officers. Here, the same procedures for acquiring warrants involving property owners apply. In a few purviews, officers may search an inn room even minus warrant and consent of the visitor but permission from the lodge administrator. Police officers may further search a specific spot described in the warrant and seize goods portrayed. Police do not search property if the warrant says the lawn. While officers are restricted to the depicted area and items by the warrant, in their search process, they may stumble on a confirmation of wrongdoings and be forced to seize unlisted items.
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References
Holcomb, J. W. (March 2003). Obtaining Written Consent to Search. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 72.
Moenssens, A. A. (2005). Forensic-Evidence.com: Police Procedures /The Validity of Consent Searches. Retrieved August 14, 2006, Web site: http://www.forensic-evidence.com/site/Police/nonverbalconsent.html
Nova Scotia v. MacIntyre, [1982] 1 S.C.R. 175 at p.1791982 CanLII 14
Regini, L. A. (July 1999).The Motor Vehicle Exception: When and Where to Search. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. 68, 27-33.
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Sample Essay on Deductive argument
Deductive argument
Deductive argument refers to a type of reasoning in which the conclusion necessarily follows from premises. If for example, the premises in deductive argument is true in the sense it strongly supports the conclusion, then it can be said the conclusion must necessarily be true. Deductive arguments have 3 parts which include; major premise, minor premise and a conclusion. Major premise is a deductive argument that has both major and middle terms. The middle term is found in the premises of the argument and not the conclusion. The major term is found in both major premise and the conclusion. It is very important to note major term forms predicate of the assumption. Minor premise follows major premise in deductive argument as the second premise. It has both minor and middle terms. Minor terms for the subject of inference.
Example of deductive argument
P1: All reptiles are coldblooded animals
P2: A snake is a reptile
C: Therefore a snake is a cold blooded animal
In the statement above, the major premise is that All reptiles are cold blooded animals. In the argument, the term Reptiles is the middle term while terms coldblooded animals form the major term. Therefore, the minor remise is a snake is a reptile. Within it, the minor term is snake. In the conclusion, a snake is a cold blooded animal; the term snake is subject term while a cold blooded animal is predicate term. The conclusion necessarily follows from premises.
Deductive argument qualifies as sound if the premises is true and the argument must be valid. An argument is valid if its supposition follows from the premise.
Pyhrronian Comprehensive Doctrine of Scepticism
The doctrine contents arguments in differing ways have basis on idea of dispute. This is due to the fact philosopher’s arguments revolve around what humans cannot and can know. The arguments never seem to come to an end because upon conclusion of one argument, another comes up and the debate goes on. With this in mind, phyrronism argues no claim can be made to any kind of knowledge since such claims can be overturned and no such thing like indefeasible knowledge exists (Sinnott-Armstrong 71). As such, there is completely nothing that humans can claim they have certainty over. Therefore, ordinary epistemology is useless and a waste of time. The only solution that exists to the problem according to pyhrrorism is to live free of examination of claims to knowledge. This kind of life entails accepting things as they seem and living.
According to pyhrronism, the main difficulty philosophers experience in the attempt at developing knowledge seems to arise from the fact knowledge is dependent on the technique whose intention is the justification of our beliefs. The circularity of the argument, for example, contends certain arguments presented arrive at conclusions by making the assumption the truth of that which they are set out to prove. For example, if the argument made by an individual supports A on basis of B, then it turns out so as to accept the truth B, the individual needs to accept the truth A, then such argument becomes circular and does not arrive to any concrete truth because of the claim that a given argument can be true if only it is supported by another truth which relies on the truth of another argument (Sinnott-Armstrong 73).
Descartes Dream Argument
Descartes, in the first meditation presents his dream argument where he claims when he sleeps, there are times when he thinks he is awake since he feels the presence of real things while in truth, he is asleep and dreaming. Further, Descartes contends in some instances, while in a dream, he sits by a fire in his room and he is able to feel the warmth generated by the fire. The truth is that he is asleep on his bed. According to Descartes, the feeling is synonymous to what he feels while he is awake. The fact he feels the fire does not provide basis of differentiating whether he is dreaming or awake.
His dreaming argument attempts to show one cannot trust their senses as they convey a feeling of fire while none exists. It is as well difficult to accept the fact the fire exists when he feel it while awake as one cannot be certain whether they are dreaming or awake.
Descartes Meditations aim at construction of a rigorous and systematic system of knowledge. This is through employment of scientific approach that enables him to construct a body of knowledge free of doubt. The argument of dreams helps discard all sense based and purported knowledge so as to reconstruct it upon a foundation that s more secure. To attain this new knowledge body, Descartes begins to assess all he knows to be true. He starts by doubting everything so as to clear the slate and develop indubitable and certain beliefs. When this is attained, he then constructs a strong foundation for edifice knowledge.
Descartes on God’s existence
Descartes makes the argument that God is a tremendous perfect being, he must exist because of being in perfection. According to Descartes, God is an all-powerful and independent being who is powerful and a perfect being that can be fathomed. He states since being contains more reality rather than nothingness, and goes is a perfect being, God must exist. According to Descartes, for God not to exist, he would not be a supreme perfect being.
Criterion is clearness and distinctness plays an important role in attachment to existence of God. According to Descartes, the knowledge of existence of God is not just present and available to the mind, but it is clear and sharply detached from other discernments, distinct. It is just that God can be perceived as the supreme perfect being that exists.
The Cartesian Circle refutes the argument made by Descartes regarding existence of God on the claims Descartes’ perspective is circular. This is due to the fact Descartes infers presence of God from distinct and clear insights that construe dependability of distinct and clear insights from existence of God (Rose 77). When Descartes makes the argument that one can be certain of God’s existence only when they perceive the notion in a distinct and clear manner, the argument has circular reasoning. This is especially true when both arguments are believed to be true. Appearance of circularity therefore arises from deficiency in precision of his statements rather than error of reasoning (Rose 80).
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Works Cited
Rose, E., L. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. International Phenomenological
Society, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 77- 80, 1965.
Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. Pyrrhonian Skepticism. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.
71-73, 2004. Print
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Apple Company External and Internal Environments Essay
Apple Company External and Internal Environments
Apple Computer Company started operations in the personal computing field in 1978, but because of administration alterations, lost chances and variation of views, the company lost its competitive edge to corporations like Dell and Microsoft. Apple, however attempted to make a differentiation of its brands to restrict customers from switching to rival brands. Presently, the company is faced with the challenge to sustaining its central marketing competencies, originality, brand administration and affiliation building as it operates a wider brand variety and expounds to more markets (Naraine, 2004). This paper is an analysis of the factors that influence the internal and external environments of Apple.
General Environment Analysis
Ever since 2000 there was subversion of the financial system, the electronic computer business has been scrambling. The legal and economic segments are the major environmental sectors influencing the company.
Demographic Segment
The 2003 U.S population census statistics were concluded at 281, 421, 05 citizens and in 2007 estimated at 294,444,407 people. This was an increment of 13 million citizens in a span of less than 4 years. Increment in residents compounded with technological improvements will continue to drive improved transactions in the arising technology markets. Americans begin using computer in early years. Figures analysis easily remonstrates a great number of American residents are of age to use computers in various styles or ways. Still, some of these aged generations are using computer applications for research. Local population is comprised of 85% of people who are aged over 24 years with minimal senior high school qualifications and 28% who have had first degree or masters (Hitt, Ireland, &Hoskisson, 2013). It was conceived that 12% of the population was living in poverty. The assessment of world population for 2005 was 6,450,000,000 inhabitants and for 2010 it was 6,810,000,000 (Rezvani, Gilaninia & Mousavian, 2011). Statistics indicate that in future, there will be a further increase. This population increase forces Apple Incorporation and the entire computer world to ensure they boost production in order to meet expanding demand. The industry of computers is rising swiftly in the Asian continent and according to statistics, a great section of the population increase will be within that region.
Legal and Political Segment
Apple is faced with legal segment challenges at a national and overseas level. Nationally, the State and Federal administration continues to stiffen on matters of environment which hamper the manufacture and dumping of units. Environmental matters are issues that affect all computer companies straightforward. The Environmental Protection Agency, in 1995, October modified the Report of the Computer Industry Policy. The report provides declarations that must be followed by companies that deal with the manufacture of computer parts. Apple, intentionally encourages the buyback as well as appropriate dumping of computer components in the attempt to support stewardship production from the viewpoint of the environment. Different countries also enforce restrictions on computer parts and their applications once set. China is a good example that provides clarification of some of these matters. China, begun allowing computers into the country during the mid-90s but it has restrictions on applications (Rezvani et al., 2011). Apple also faces the struggle of overpowering market domination of personal computers though it does have a great chance in the world of music. Apple and other corporations dealing with computers in the US have come to the realization that doubling and pirating are quite prevalent in the United States as well as other states. This action which is unlawful directly affects successful operation of corporations in electronic industry.
Competition Forces
All markets, and the business world, are assessed through use of Porter’s five force hypothesis. Porter’s applies 5 forces; obstacles to entry, provider power, extent of competition, purchaser power and risk of substitutes as elements that help in examining the status of a company alongside contenders. The risk of substitutes as well as extent of competition are some of the most significant factors that affect the operations of Apple currently.
Threats of Substitute Components
Apple Corporation faces the high risk of substitute components that are obtainable promptly. Rivals like Dell and IBM persuade buyers that they have brands that are of quality that is better compared to those of Apple. Apple, has however made the attempt to differentiate its brands in order to restrict customers from making a switch to rival brands. Apple’s brands, additionally command a market price that is high when compared to other competing brands. Even though the prices of Apple are higher, the company provides justification for the prices. Apple’s operating system specialization command, however skyrockets costs when delivered to inventive population designer when compared to purchasers of individual computer except where they seek graphic capacities that are superior (Boutellier, Gassmann, & Von Zedtwitz, 2008).
Competition with other Companies
Apple is in competition with companies that enjoy the benefit of a bigger market portion. The company therefore is forced to compete with companies like IBM, Hewlett-Packard and Dell. Still, minor firms such as Gateway also present a huge risk. In the manufacturing industry of computers, rivalry is vicious and expenditures switching is low. Apple as well is dependent on advancement of its individual operating system. The possibility of success is minimal as contestants chase niche markets rather than make attempts to contend with larger firms. Apple placed itself years’ before the competition as such, it has made room in the industry of computers like Dell, Gateway and IBM (Naraine, 2004).
Strategies to Address Future Competition Forces
Apple is supposed to persist with the promotion of inventive expert and educational markets. Apple is a firm with the best systems in position for such markets as such, it should concentrate on unrelenting funding for every regulatory approach. The backing outlay in the perspective of a market niche is supposed to get reexamined economically so that Research and Development expenditures do not drag into a situation that is unfeasible in making a return (Boutellier et al., 2008). Apple also has the option of incorporating its operating systems so it can work within Wintel operating program but this is not supposed to be limited to Wintel setbacks. Apple has also proved to be a controlling system that is superior and less susceptible to hitches that Microsoft faced and its operating system software (Naraine, 2004).
Key External Threats
The technological revolution speed and competition are threats that are most serious that Apple Computer Company faces. Its strategy shifts into communication gadgets and mobile entertainment that is portable placing the firm in situations that are competitive from varying sides. New contestants, prospective brands as well as opponents that are lowly prices threaten to lower the worth of Apple brands and its policy success.
Opportunities
Apple’s Diverse Operating System
Apple can use its operating system variations by spinning it into a chance formulating perfections to Macintosh program in order to achieve greater design and optional benefits over its rival software. Different computer viruses as well as cyberpunk irregularities present quite impressive prospect for the company to embellish and benefit some small sections of such an upset market.
Apple’s Engagement into the Music Business
The investment of the company in the world of music with its iTunes is a presentation of good prospect to enhance the knowledge of the brand. Introduction of iPods Music Shop also fronts fetches in excess of 2 million downloads in 15 days. All downloads were run on Macintosh mainframes. The establishment of the company of its international music shop would be an ideal prospect.
Microsoft Upgrade Expenditures against Advantage
Microsoft customers find it is less practicable to upgrade software programs except in instances when they can actually perceive a gain for the spent. The latest improvements by Microsoft are beleaguered with bugs which present a major magnificent prospect that Apple can use its benefit only if it avoids making the same mistake with its upgrades.
Apple’s Greatest Strengths and Significant Weaknesses
Strengths
Merchandise Differentiation
In the mid-1980s when the company was new in the market, its brand distinguished it from other company brands and up to date, it has capitalized on this fact for its products. The system is still a strong point for Apple since its operating system is not in any way susceptible to computer bugs and espionage invading other systems. The limited portion market that is held by Apple is enlarged whenever Microsoft is faced with setbacks.
Brand Identity and Reputation
Product brands aids in keeping the customers updated of company merchandise. Whenever a firm institutes fashionable brand name or reputation, it obtains several advantages. There are a number of advantages related with brand reputation and these include, capacity to trim down on production from acknowledgment viewpoint. Apple computers have obtained business identity from Steve Job’s and this has borne fruits.
Dealing with Software and Hardware
The top management of Apple is acting on blend of software and hardware development and it does not make any proposals to dismiss its workers since employees contribute to the company’s success. Apple will continue to operate in an excellent manner while management practices of the business of manufacturing software and computers that even some of the tough opponents deem finest. The company does not make software and computer components for its machines as such it has capability of regulating its design with the purpose of conforming it to operational applications as well as artistic wanted by the customers.
Weaknesses
Financial and Political Ambiguity
The functional operations of the company are influenced by political and fiscal ambiguity that glooms the US. Educational institutions at times defer procurement due to budget deficits and restraints. Business enterprises also are not expanding and employment cutbacks experienced render less disposable income therefore reducing sales. Failure in recovery might persist thus impacting the firm as well as providers unconstructively. The entire market has been greatly undermined by the political and fiscal vagueness as well as other restrictions.
Research and Development Expenditures higher than of Business Rivals
Apple has operated exceptionally hard in order to attain this and as such, incurred more costs for development and research than contestants. The heightened expenditure unconstructively impacts income margin and with contestants reduction to product prices, it becomes complex to contend on the same playing field.
General and Administrative Expenses are more than their Rivals’
Growth into international outlets has led to an increase in the company’s expenditures. Marketing expenses for promotion of its exceptional operating system and its innovative equipment also impacts the bottom line, though the costs are essential. Contestants also have the capability of benefiting from comfort of application of operating systems that manage substantial quantity of market share therefore, they fail to use as such for purposes of advertising operating system.
Justifications
Apple has the ability to enhance diversification by introduction of new products into the market. By ushering new products, it will be able to edge its market share since majority of people have the desire for attractive and the latest products in the market. Apple is also renowned as a trendsetter in fields of personal computers, operating systems, individual music machines, software applications, cell phones as well as advertising and retail. Apple is committed to concentrate its central strengths with senior leaders in management of iPods, Macs, software applications, international marketing and computer engineering. In the approach of differentiation, Apple attempts to be exceptional in the industry about aspects that the purchasers esteem (Moriane, 2004). It picks on one or more features that majority of purchasers in the industry consider significant and positions itself exclusively to fulfill such wants. Apple has also formulated its core strength of understanding purchasers and formulating products in order to improve digital ways of life. Through persisting to devote in raising customer insights, the company transforms the lessons into products presenting exclusive attributes and requiring a high price.
Company’s Resources, Capabilities and Competencies
The competencies of the company are focused in markets of learning and innovative expert fields. Apple has already established supremacy in both fields and continues to concentrate on them. It has already started enlarging its retail channels in order to get its products to the people and is achieving great steps in the world of music. These improvement also keep the clients focused and deliver sizeable revenue. Apple’s engineering, innovative capacities as well as scientific Advancement abilities are highly significant aspects that are competitive assets of the company. The outstanding creativity is the most noteworthy source of the company’s competitiveness in the long term. The most significant abilities and resources of the corporation are the top leaders in the company, Steve Jobs and the incorporated software and hardware system the company has efficiently promoted and established to acquire value. Whilst the designers of the company, engineers and IT experts comprise the major resources, the capacity of the company in exploiting their talents to build products is its main capability (Zhouying & Ying, 2011).
Assessment of Apple’s Value Chain
The main actions of Apple in its value chain differ slightly from the conventional model where materials get worked into finished products for retail to a buyer, earning value in every step of the process. The major activities of the company in its value chain are reliant greatly on reinforcement activities of human resources and management. Apple also constantly attempts to employ the most experienced and capable individuals to guarantee it shines at development and research of its programs and technology (Naraine, 2004). As a matter of fact, Apple repeatedly offers examinations and skill challenges to help recruiters sort through enormous curricula vitae they receive. Next to employees, a large section of expenditure structure goes to systems and infrastructure. Apple’s in-house software and computers make it possible for it to carry out service, operations, sales and supply. Every action adds to the value chain by increasing the company’s income.
Through transferring activities geographically, Apple is able to take advantage of diversity from the viewpoint of human resources, lowering wages in other countries apart from the US. Application of the competencies of Apple in different product markets lowers the reliance of Apple on profits from one market. Related diversification makes it possible for the company to share its activities, technologies and resources across different product lines and transfer of skills and intangible core competencies also offers successful avenue for acquisition of significant market share. On top of this, affiliations with other powerful brand names helps boost the promotion experience of Apple and it boosts customer confidence (Zhouying & Ying, 2011).
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References
Boutellier, R., Gassmann, O., & Von Zedtwitz, M. (2008). Managing global innovation: uncovering the secrets of future competitiveness. California: Springer.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., &Hoskisson, R. E. (2013). Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competiveness and globalization (10th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Naraine, R. (2004). Apple: Real Networks hacked iPod. Retrieved from http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3387871
Rezvani, M., Gilaninia, S., &Mousavian, S. J. (2011). Strategic planning: a tool for managing organizations in competitive environments. Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 5(9) 1537-1546.
Zhouying, J., & Ying, B. (2011). Sustainable development and long-term strategic management. World Future Review, 3(2) 49-69.
- Published in Research Paper Help
Integrating Culture and Diversity in Decision Making Essay
Integrating Culture and Diversity in Decision Making
Google is a multinational company that is based in America and it spends a lot of time on Internet-related items and administrations. Some of these integrate cloud computing software, internet and search publicizing innovations. The large percentage of its benefits are determined from Adwords (Vise, 2005).
Google was established by Sergey Brin and Larry Page while they were undertaking their Doctorate degree at the University of Stanford. These two joined Google as an organization that was secretly held on 4th September 1998. The first stock sale was accompanies on August 19, 2004. Its explanation mission from the beginning was “to arrange the planet’s data and make it all around approachable and advantageous” while the informal trademark was “Don’t be abhorrent” (Lenssen, 2007). The company, in 2007 moved to central station in Mountain View, California which is referred to as Googleplex.
The workers gained extensive profits bundle incorporating educational cost repayment, help benefits reception, on-location specialist, kid consideration focus, monetary arrangement classes, heaps of opportunities to accumulate with its collaborators at corporate exceptional occasions. The theory Google put forward placed great significance on not-for-profit work, as such Google matches up to $ 3,000 of its representative commitments to charity associations.
Google Inc. has also gained great consideration and approval because of its organizational culture which is unique and intended to support both imagination and devotion. Google as well has made a lot of critical items through accentuation on improvement, incorporation of Google web crawler, Google Maps and Google Chrome Web Program. Currently, the organization is bigger than it was the point where the society initially improved, compelled a few progressions to its first ever show.
Google has also stated itself as a standout amongst predominant constrains on the Internet. Still, it says its mission is “to sort out the planet’s data and make it generally open and helpful”. With such a grand objective, it is an exceptional wager that individuals who are behind the company feel that their work is just starting.
There are concerns that Google’s IPO might speed up changes in the organization society. Explanation shifted from shareholder weight for representation of profit diminishment to the manner different organization executives might acquire moment paper tycoons. As the answer to the concerns, benefactors Larry and Sergey guaranteed in a report to some potential gurus that IPO would not change the culture of the organization. The New York Times, as well as other different sources begun inferring the company lost its hostile corporate, abhorrent logic in 2005, articles (Rivlin, 2005).
In the effort to administer the interesting society that is part of the organization, Google nominated a Chief Culture Officer who served as the director of Human Resources. The motive of the officer is to make improvements and support culture as well as deal with approaches in order to maintain accurate center values that the organization was already established upon: a level association with nature’s turf. Additionally, Google has confronted ageism and sexism charges from previous workers. The corporate reasoning of the company incorporates standards, for instance “you can profit without doing insidiousness”, “you might not be kidding devoid of a suit” and “work ought to be testing and the test ought to be fun”.
The corporate structure of Google, is especially not unordinary other than presence of a couple of positions of authority, for instance, Chief Culture Officer and Chief Internet Evangelist. Management of the organization is done by the top managerial staff that passes directions down through official administration bunch. The gathering also manages some sections, for instance, Products, Finance, Engineering, Legal and Sales. Each of these offices is separated into more diminutive units.
The organization of Google needs an administration that is more innovative. Innovative leadership includes the combination of distinctive styles of administration in associations in order to impact the representatives’ inventive thoughts, results, items and administrations. The key part in advancement initiative act is enhancement guide (Gliddon, 2006). Dr. David Gliddon (2006) advanced the model of competency of enhancement pioneers and made improvement thought of Penn State University.
As a methodology to advancement, development initiative can be used to back the accomplishment of the vision or mission of the organization. On a planet that always shows signs of change with techniques and innovations, it is vital for associations to think in an imaginative manner in order to guarantee they proceed with triumph and remain intense (Mcentire & Greene-Shortridge, 2011). So as to adjust to the new changes, it is necessary for improvements to be made in associations in order to concentrate on a section of the pioneers forming the achievement and nature of deliberations (Mumford & Lucuanan, 2004).
Without the advancement of authority, associations are likely to battle (Mcentire & Greene-Shortridge, 2011). The new enhancement call speaks to the 20th century movement, customary organizational perspective practices, which dishearten imaginative practices of representatives to the 21st century perspective of esteeming inventive thinking as “conceivably effective impact on organizational execution”.
All Google workers follow the principle known as the tenet 70/20/10, under which they are expected to commit 70% of each work day to whatever task they are given by the administration, 20% of everyday to new thoughts or ventures identified with their center activities and 10% to new plans they need in order to seek after paying little to attention to what they might be. The organization also acknowledges the guideline for being the major impetus behind a large section of Google’s new administrations and items, because transaction specialists, programmers and executives are given enough space for inventiveness. The point when an organization becomes that expansive, it is not possible to effortlessly deal with stream of new ventures and thoughts, it established a timetable for meeting representatives of the organization with the CEOs and organizers.
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References
Lenssen, P. (July 16, 2007). “Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More”. Google Blogoscoped.
McEntire, L. E., & Greene-Shortridge, T. M. (2011). Recruiting and selecting leaders for innovation: How to find the right leader. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13, 266- 278
Mumford, M., & Licuanan, B. (2004). Leading for innovation: Conclusions, issues, and directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 163-171
Rivlin, G. (August 24, 2005). Relax, Bill Gates; It’s Google’s Turn as the Villain. The New York Times.
Vise, A. (October 21, 2005). Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit. The Washington Post.
- Published in Research Paper Help
Recruitment and Compensation Sample Essay
Recruitment and Compensation
Introduction
All industrial processes depend on employees’ hiked participation, proper relationships among the managers, clients, employees and financiers combined with good compensation (Mathews, 2008, p. 133). A business culture that is aligned to the objectives of the organization of achieving improved levels of output recognizes that compensation and recruitment are among the factors that contribute towards increased competition and industrial expansion. In most instances, HR team works relentlessly to provide the best terms for the employees in the organization while keeping the recruitment costs low.
Similarly, manager of the organization and the HR have to incorporate the processes of ensuring that employees get fair compensation for their good work. Simply put, compensation and recruitment are the functions of the organization that are outlined as the cultural practices of the organization and managers as well as the HR department of an organization must implement them for production processes to be successful (Simone, 2009, p. 105).
Investigation of the effort that is put in the processes of recruitment combined with the incurred cost and employees’ compensation in various industrial growth sectors is important. Additionally, one can be interested in comprehending the employees’ compensation rationale as well as the extent of the influence of the process on the performance level in certain institutions (United States, 1990, p. 65). There are several criticism and limiting factors regarding how a HR team determines the personnel that is fit for the office positions, levels and forms of compensation that are necessary in order to motivate the employees. These factors are all vital in generalizing growth in the industrial sector in relation to improvement of performance levels of the employees. As such, recruitment of employees and compensation are some of the factors that remain the major concepts that determine the future organizational prospects.
Background information
Sometimes back, practitioners in the human resource or the recruitment specialists were considered as the only managers whose only responsibilities included the executive and recruitment functions. There were times when the managers would use newspapers, employees’ referrals and employment agencies in finding appropriate employees to fill the positions that were unfilled at the workplace. At such times, employees’ resignation was not acceptable by managers and when this happened, exit interviews were conducted. Exit interviews enabled the managers to determine why the employees resigned. Historical organizational weakness would be determined so that managers could establish strategies for ensuring that employees were accorded the best treatment in order to prevent future resignations.
Currently and in the future, employment programs’ projections run on platforms that aim at attracting more qualified workers. The current process of recruitment appears to reject the reactive employees. Workers who want to learn as well as those ready to operate under the organizational provisions are given an opportunity. The idea is that employment agencies for some time have been working towards taking control of employment practices and these have replicated to form systematic discrimination. Managers have been through transformation processes. Today, there is a recruitment process whose nature is non-discriminatory, creative and pro-active. The techniques that the recruitment process employs entail more genuine and realistic advertisement means such as Cyberspace job and job vans that are mobile. This recruitment involves high costs and therefore the recruitment and HR departments ought to focus past the recruitments and instead consider creating an environment that enhances retention.
Examples of retention environments are the aspects of motivating employees which include compensation via good remuneration in order to satisfy employees so that they can have less inclination towards resignation from vital roles or complete resignation (Rostker, Hix, Wilson & Rand Gulf States Policy Institute, 2007, p. 155). The thematic recruitment policies application as well as individual levels of participation relates to strategic plans of an organization to increase return levels. As such, management issues have changed over time to pave way for effective and rationale managerial practices. In some cases, managers attempt to link the employees’ performed work with the cultural requirements of the organization. The use of this measure places an organization at a high peak in the provision of better ethical practices and this enhances good relationships among the employees and the managers.
Common practices
During recruitment, common practices involve giving every applicant an opportunity. This implies reviewing every application that is received without any application being left out. There are several occasions when prior decisions tend to be made by the managers via the HR department regarding the applications’ number that should be given attention while others are unattended to. Due to this practice, mistrust has emerged in the industrial area when it comes to employment. There are few individuals responsible for the employment process and these prioritize their relatives while denying other, qualified workers an opportunity to take part in the production processes as per their drive (Thatcher, National Research Council, Transit Cooperative Research Program, United State & Transit Development Corporation, 2010, p. 132). Once the applications have been reviewed, hiring employees due to their talent rather than experience becomes necessary. This is mainly because when talented employees are eliminated on the basis of their lack of experience an organization is hindered from acquiring innovative expertise and skills. Involvement in the processes of a company on regular basis is what leads to experience acquisition. This is something that someone can become if granted the opportunity to eventually become a talent and experience combination’s replica.
As mentioned, managers have to ensure that compensation processes use the best practices. Consultant and independent compensation board’s creation becomes necessary because this body can ensure that the processes of setting pay are accurate. Past studies have shown that an independent body for regulating salary enhances the confidence of the employees because the presented pay scheme is not produced from compulsion or favor but on the evaluation processes. According to scholars, top officials within firms with Independent Compensation Boards get higher pay while essentially the maximum received pay is merited and accounted for entirely. According to the current version, common practices when it comes to compensation ought to include the necessary disclosure elements, must offer equivalent bonus for banking to employees and they must also give the health of individuals priority. These are practices that are within the organization control and without them the level of employees’ performance would show a significant reduction.
Misconception and Shortcomings
Misconceptions that relate to compensation and recruitment are that giving good remuneration benefits the employees only without being linked to the overall organizational growth (Arthur, 2001, p. 62). Focusing on the objectives of the organization poorly is a factor that can largely lead to denial of employment right to potential employees and therefore fail the entire operational system of the company.
The entire compensation and recruitment process can be accompanied by several flaws. Allocating cost for the necessary activities, funds misappropriation, urge for discriminating against some employees and biasness, conflicting roles during execution as well as poor activities’ coordination are part of the major challenge (Johnson & Keegan, 2006, p. 126). Apart from recruitment stage requirements, there are similar flaws at compensation stage. These can lead to total organizational failure. The management as a team has a general objective which is to offer a fair recruitment processes platform and ensuring that employed workers represent a fraction of growth processes in general. There are cases where managers can have their personal interest at the time when there are employment opportunities.
In such cases, managers can recruit employees with lower grades while leaving those with better grades in regard to skills that can contribute towards the realization of organizational goals more. Similarly, there are cases where managers compensate employees based on how they are known. In regards to employees’ motivation, the most appropriate strategic plan that should be initiated should consider the part that every individual plays, testing the roles and embracing a model for evaluating performance in order to determine which employee is the best among the existing workers.
Recommendations
Considering the challenges that the employees face at their workplace, managers ought to embrace affirmative action in order to ensure employees’ wellbeing even with the industrial operation’s constraining factors (Campbell, 2013, p. 44). The HR department with much integrity and prominence should inculcate a culture of providing credit where it is deserved without any kind of discredit even when the production of an employee is relatively lower than the required output amounts. The employees’ potential depends on the effort that managers put in form of recognizing their rate of participation as well as providing the right motivational factors (Fuerst & Geiger, 2003, p. 2011).
For effective operations to be realized, development of skills during recruitment and in form of updating employees’ job is necessary. Thus, industrial production is largely dependent on the individual skills that employees exhibit during production and delivery. After considering the process of recruiting employees and factors affecting transparency at the workplace, it is important to recognize the essence of employees’ guidelines in particular business norms and culture (Warne, National Research Council, National Cooperative Highway Research Program & American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2003, p. 35). There are managerial qualities that are important in the plan’s execution. These have to correspond to the objectives of the company.
As such, the HR department has to be evaluative, impartial, uncontrolled and strict as well as goal oriented. There are occasions where the argument to deploy resources of the company during recruitment causes the essence of remaining loyal, truthful and accountable in every execution. This implies that a good HR department should understand the company’s basic needs in relation to the participation of the employees and therefore convert constraining factors in order to ensure progress and wellbeing of a company. Proper allocation of the budget becomes vital in ensuring that managers complete the activities as per the plan. As such, issues about funds sources’ identification, accurate apportionment of cost and timely finances release remain important. Necessary adjustments of the allocated finances should be identified before recruitment in order to allow time for proper maintenance and scheduling of the industrial goals.
Conclusion
According to this discussion, it is apparent that employees’ compensation and recruitment are among the strategies that firms use in creating environments that credit extensive production as well as services delivery. The concentration of labor economic is on the effect that employees have in terms of industrial progress (Ross, Williams & Pavlock, 1998, p. 66). One can argue that the output level of the employees is entirely responsive to hours that they spend contrary to involving themselves in leisure activities extensively at work. Employees’ level of output, time spent on production as well as the general levels of output are among the determining factors of the compensation amount that an employee ought to get at specific production levels.
Simply put, performance levels of the employees are used by the HR department in determining the amount that the employees can get as compensation (Singer & Francisco, 2009, p. 71). With all these factors, the HR department is always sensitive to the employees’ compensation needs and it takes appropriate and prompt actions in ensuring that employees are always committed to different organizational activities. The study has revealed that when compensation programs and recruitment processes are improved, managers can have positive influence on employees so that they can participate in different processes of industrial growth.
As such, recruitment processes ought to always be fair, open and with individual skills as their basis rather than favoritism. To get the best workers, an organization should employ mechanisms that provide an equal platform for every interviewee while responding to the asked questions because this is the only suitable way via which the organization can determine their skills. The given response and how individuals conduct themselves after, during and before the interview should help the organization determine their suitability for the positions (Johnson, Hallgarten & Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002, p. 105). Although the HR department operates within the industrial operations bounds, there are times when initiating personal skills as well as experience becomes compelling in order to obtain, retain, employ and demote employees. If an employee cannot take up the responsibility of the assigned position, demoting them is the best way of preventing a similar emergence among other employees. However, the employees should be accorded proportionate compensation on the basis of the period that he/she has worked for the organization at that position (Dartnell Corporation, Davidson & Swope, 2007, p. 117).
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References
Arthur, D. (2001). The employee recruitment and retention handbook. New York: AMACOM.
Campbell, A. K. (2013). Improving the recruitment, retention, and utilization of federal scientists and engineers: A report to the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. Washington, DC: National Acad. Press.
Dartnell Corporation., Davidson, W. L., & Swope, G. S. (2007). Foremen’s compensation, recruitment and training. Chicago.
Fuerst, O., & Geiger, U. (2003). From concept to Wall Street. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Johnson, B. A., & Keegan, D. W. (2006). Physician compensation plans: State-of-the-art strategies. Englewood, CO: Medical Group Management Association.
Johnson, M., Hallgarten, J., & Institute for Public Policy Research (London, England). (2002). From victims of change to agents of change: The future of the teaching profession. London: IPPR.
Mathews, K. (2008). Practical guide to hospitalist recruitment & retention. Marblehead, MA: HCPro.
Ross, A., Williams, S. J., & Pavlock, E. J. (1998). Ambulatory care management. Albany: Delmar Publishers.
- Published in Buy Essay
Significance of Persuasion in Entrepreneurship Essay
Significance of Persuasion in Entrepreneurship
Within an entrepreneurial context, persuasion as an art is invaluable. Persuasion urges and implores individuals to change behaviors and attitudes to adopt a different or new attitude. As such, the aim of persuasion is to attack individual’s worldviews regarding different aspects. This goal is achieved through the provision of information for countering the existing beliefs as well as displacing the beliefs with new ones. However, entrepreneurship mainly focuses on innovation. As such, there are new ventures that entrepreneurs create in order to improve the world. Therefore, it is not a wonder that within the world of entrepreneurship persuasion plays a vital role. This can be seen in the contexts of the real-world via different persuasive messages.
Various persuasion theories are applied by these messages so as to realize the main goal which is to change the attitudes of people. Such theories include heuristic-system theory, cognitive dissonance theory and elaboration likelihood theory. Advertisements for instance more so the print ads major on persuasion. The Coca Cola ad on ‘open happiness’ for instance applies cognitive dissonance theory. In this paper, the application of different cognitive dissonance aspects in the ‘open happiness’ ad of the Coca Cola Company is analyzed.
There are several international firms that have been operating for quite some time now regardless of the fact that their products’ benefits are relatively low. Coca Cola and McDonalds are examples of these kinds of companies. McDonalds for instance majors in supplying fast foods that have high calories amounts. The debate about the effects that products with high calories have on human has been going on. Nevertheless, this company remains the largest fast food supplier in America as well as other parts of the world. The Coca Cola Company has also been around for a long time providing soft drinks that have high calories in large scale globally. These drinks do not provide health benefits because consuming them has adverse effects on human health. Nevertheless, its sales have always been increasing every financial year. Persuasive techniques that these companies employ in their ads are their secret. The persuasive Coca Cola ad of 2010 which promises open happiness to its consumers is an example of such ads. The implication of this ad is that every time one feels stressed, they simply need to sip a coke to get cheered up.
‘Open happiness” ad’s suitability is not a coincidence that occurred by an accident. Advertisers spend a lot of time studying the audience, identifying their needs as well as determining the best ways of satisfying their needs. After this, they come up with ads that are in line with various psychological theories. Cognitive dissonance theory, heuristic-systematic theory and likelihood theory are examples of such theories. Cognitive dissonance theory is applied in this advert. The implication of this theory is that individuals can be persuaded by others through the creation of inconsistency in their cognitions and this creates psychological discomfort. Such cognitions include behaviors, beliefs or attitudes. Dissonance in this case is imbalance that is created between the actions and beliefs of a person. Once dissonance has been created the advertisers provide consonance via promising balance between behavior and belief. Human beings need balance and consumers rush to buy products that enable them to acquire balance that they may have lost. This concept is what open happiness ad capitalizes on.
The slogan that is chosen for an advert is very important. The target consumers for the Coco Cola Company are from the entire globe. Therefore, a common aspect is required for this audience to be captured and this should cut across racial boundaries. As such, the company chose the word happiness because this human need is global. Thus, this advert targets cognition whose belief is that everybody needs happiness to lead a quality life. The aim of all people is to be happy in life but to be happy one does not have to drink a coke. Nevertheless, the “open happiness” slogan means that happiness can be achieved by drinking coke.
This causes dissonance in audience’s minds because the belief and action that is necessary for the belief to be achieved do not agree. As such, the feeling of individuals is that failing to drink the products of the Coca Cola Company denies them an opportunity to enjoy happiness in life. Further, this ad coerces audiences to choose coca cola products through the gaiety of this advert. As such, the feeling of the audience is that drinking the products of coca cola is important in order to realize happiness. This mentality is drilled into the consumers’ mind by advertisers and this makes them feel happy on consuming coke. As such, consonance is regained and they get a comfort zone.
The main intention of this advert is to market or sell products to consumers. Nevertheless, there are several obstacles that must be overcome by the company for this to be achieved. For example, the company has to outdo competitors who include Pepsi. It must also overcome the health debates about its products that have high calorie amounts. As such, this company employs countering factors in order to realize high sales all the time. Refreshment, excitement and happiness are the main attributes that the adverts of coca cola have. Coca Cola Company’s products are now associated with happiness by most consumers regardless of the associated health issues. Thus, it is no wonder that the slogan “open happiness” was chosen by Coca Cola for its ad in 2010.
It ought to be noted that to human, happiness is an evasive need and it does not recognize cultural boundaries. According to Maslow, happiness is an important human race’s need. As such, the aim of Coca Cola is to meet the consumers’ needs internationally via this slogan. Consistence of the Coca Cola providing excitement and happiness to the consumers is maintained by the advert. It appeals to consumers’ emotions because it promises to meet their happiness need. This is very tempting because depression-related diseases are currently increasing. As such, consumers will most likely increase coca cola drinks’ consumption so that they can remain happy.
In a nutshell, persuasion is a tool that is effective in marketing. It plays an instrumental role of making individuals feel that they should buy the product to stabilize their life. This concept is used by advertisers in drawing buyers to purchase their products as seen in the Coca Cola advert. The ad appeals to emotions and feelings of the consumers while changing them to match the intention of the seller via different theories’ application. The “open happiness’ ad by coca cola is an example of this because it has several cognitive dissonance theory’s elements. The implication of this theory is that humans are always seeking balance and consistency. When this balance is disturbed dissonance occurs and people are ready to do anything to regain the balance. Coca Cola disrupts happiness interpretation by man while providing solution which is drinking coke. This enhances the consumption of products from Coca Cola Company.
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- Published in Academic Writing
The Monetary Policy in the United States Sample Essay
The Monetary Policy in the United States
Congress made Federal Reserve responsible for the adoption of the State’s monetary policy. Nevertheless, it remains responsible for ensuring that the Federal Reserve follows the authority which requires it to maximize employment, maintain stable interest rates without short time fluctuation and maintain stable prices. Fed refers to the U.S.A’s central bank whose aim is to serve the four main roles in the country (Timberlake, 2003). These include the supervision of other banks and financial institutions, implementation of monetary policy, provision of payment to financial institutions and provision of emergency funds which is the last option.
Under monetary policy implementation, the concentration of Fed is on aggregate demand’s management from the public and private economic sectors. In monetary policy, the definition of the implementation that Fed gives is actions that it takes in order to influence money costs and credit availability in order to enhance price stabilization as well as employment maximization. The private sector’s demands and preferences that include small businesses and households influence public sector’s consumption in U.S.A (Timberlake, 2003).
As such, there is a broader monetary policy definition that is maintained by Fed in order to enhance the maintenance of a stable growth of the economy in the country. This definition comprises of the forecasts of the economy and the directives that relate to or made in relation to the nation’s central banker. The aim of the monetary policy is to include the rate of funds that Fed has via Open Market Operations that are commonly called the OMOs. These attract government securities’ buyers to do transaction with the national government using securities that are availed for sale. Fed in 2008 lowered rates to as low as between 0 percent and 0.25 percent while trying to exercise a conventional policy. However this was not successful. Since that time, other attempts have always been made to keep these rates low in order to keep inflation rates low and minimize unemployment rate. Economists have shown with theoretical approaches that unemployment and inflation can never have 0% rates at a particular time. People have advocated for monetary policy in order to attain this phenomenon (Timberlake, 2003).
Harold Lass well Definition of Politics
This was among the political scientists recognized the most and American communications theorists. During the 20th century, he was among those ranked in the first half made of creative social sciences inventors. His actions showed that he was leading. These actions were followed by several methodologies that later became part of intellectual traditions such as statistics measurement, interviewing methods and performing experiments. Politically, he is remembered for his legacy because he made vital contributions. The definition of politics that he gave was adopted as being the best among those of the other scientists in this field.
According to Harold, politics is who gets, what, how and when (Lasswell, 1976). This can better be called the political formula published whose basis is psychological attributes applicable to the leaders in politics and business. In 1948, the formula was published (Lasswell, 1972). Harold also included propaganda in psychological attributes in order to make a conclusion; the simple politics definition. It is possible to argue that the aspects of how, when and what are the major segments in the implementation of a policy. Nevertheless, the reforms being adopted currently do not mention the process realism in formulating and implementing policies.
Relevance of Harold’s Definition to the Implication and Impact of the Monetary Policy in the United States of America
In this definition, what aspect can be used to bridge the existing gap between the economics theory and policy practice. This can assist in determining the appropriate procedures that would lead to appropriate measures in addressing the inflation and unemployment issues. The measures give attributes that involve economic status’ reality as revealed by the central bank. This aspect would assist in avoiding a situation where people would not go to the measures that involve Fed directly while acting on both public and private sector consumption and this would enhance prices’ stabilization (Lasswell, 1972).
The how aspect of this definition would assist the Fed and the government in establishing different ways of handling economic situations that would come up at varying periods of depression and boom. Their focus will be on what can be done regardless of the faced challenges. When as an aspect of the definition will assist in deciding on different ways of handling economic situations promptly. This is due to the truth that regardless of the way stability is maintained by the central bank, the economy behaves differently at various economic times. As such, several ways have been devised to handle economic situation at certain times (Lasswell, 1976).
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References
Lasswell, H. D. (1972). Politics: who gets what, when, how. New York: Meridian Books.
Lasswell, H. D. (1976). Psychopathology and politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Timberlake, R. H. (2003). Monetary policy in the United States: An intellectual and institutional history. Chicago Univ. of Chicago Press.
- Published in Research Paper Help
Assessing the State of America’s Mental Health System Essay
Assessing the State of America’s Mental Health System
Introduction
Mental disorders cases are reported frequently in America. The disorders affect about 44 million adults and 13.7 million children every year. Deaths that result from suicide are the 8th largest death causes in the United States. Between 80 percent and 90 percent of all individuals who succumb to suicide suffer from mental illnesses (Russell, 2010). However, regardless of the existing evidence that shows that the danger of mental disorders is similar to that of heart disease or cancer in relation to the premature deaths that they cause and that most mental disorders are treatable using therapies and medication, only below 50 percent of the adults and 1/3 of children who suffer from mental illnesses that can be diagnosed can access treatment. For a long time, people have made mental health a hidden issue. In America, mental health hardly captures the attention of the public and it does not get sufficient funding from both the public and private sectors (Russell, 2010). The focus of this paper is on evaluating the current system for mental health in the U.S.
The Challenges to Mental Health Service Delivery Today
Reimbursement Policies have made it impossible to convert research into practice
The limits and difficulties in paying different entrenched and evidence-based practices or EBP for children and adults are the causes of differences in mental health quality. Reimbursing for specific EBPs is hard for the private insurance such as Medicaid or Medicare within the current system. The rules of the current insurance coverage make its implementation difficult. Private players such as Medicaid and Medicare have systems for fee-for-service reimbursement which do not allow charging for vital elements of different EBP programs such as flexible management of cases, home visits and non-face-to-face services. Most private insurers lack cover for useful treatments, services, practices or supports. Although covering most practices is possible under Medicaid, providers can only get reimbursement if providers get the approval to provide these services within an option or a waiver (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014).
Severe labor force problems
The current system for mental health faces a crisis of the workforce. Apart from experiencing providers’ shortage, the system also has providers who do not have training that is necessary for the provision of evidence-based and innovative practices. This has led to a work force that is not equipped properly to use modern medicine advances in helping patients who suffer from mental disorders. Rural areas are the worst affected by the inadequate professionals’ supply in the system. Additionally, specific shortages can clearly be seen in America for professionals who handle the elderly, children and adolescents (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014).
Failure to incorporate cultural competence in training curriculum
Without considering the importance of services that are culturally relevant, the curricula for training professionals in the mental health field in America generally is lacking in regards to the development of cultural competence. Consequently, racial, ethnic and linguistic minorities are less represented within the current labor force. As such, Pacific Islanders, African Americans, American Indians, Hispanic and Alaskan Natives are affected the most by the disabilities that relate to mental disorders. This is not due to the high rates of prevalence among these populations but due to the poor care quality and less care that they get (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014).
Underfunding
Most facilities that offer mental health services are underfunded. This challenge is worse in the rural areas where specialty care for people with mental health problem can only be accessed in the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs). There are serious financial challenges that CMHCs face and this limits their capacity to offer health services to the rural areas’ Americans. These include the long-term care recipients (Talbot & Coburn, 2013). In general, Medicaid funds CMHCs in the rural and urban areas. They get income from sources that include the state revenues and block grants from the federal government which the state agencies for mental health allocate to these centers. Considering that the reimbursement rates for Medicaid are low, CMHCs in the rural areas on average get less funding for every patients that they care for in comparison to the urban service providers (Talbot & Coburn, 2013).
The funds that were allocated to the state agencies that provide mental health were reduced by most American states between 2009 and 2011. This reduction amounted to $2.1 billion in the entire U.S. This pushed the state agencies that offer mental health services and their CMHCs further into the financial crisis. Consequently, the services that CMHCs offered were terminated and the workforces reduced. Some closed while others merged operations. Mental disorders patients have been extremely affected by this trend especially those in the rural areas because they depended on CMHCs. Additionally, their over dependence on the block grant from the federal government whose main targets were adults suffering from severe mental disorders and children with emotional disturbance means that the services that the facilities provide to people with mental health problems are narrow (Talbot & Coburn, 2013).
Entities that Provide Funding and Expenditures for Behavior Health
The state and local governments used to finance the behavioral health help. Nevertheless, there have been changes
with time as a more complex network has been established. Today, there are several sources of funding with more agencies funding behavioral health (Goldman, Buck & Thompson, 2009). An example of this is the housing programs that the housing departments fund. The Social Security Agency funds income support and the labor and education departments finance job training. Private insurance has also been expanded further to cover behavioral health. Nevertheless, it has smaller roles as compared to medical care in general. Consequently, public funding currently takes the largest share in funding behavioral health. Successful implementation of Affordable Healthcare Act can lead to an important change in funding sources distribution for the behavioral healthcare since private and Medicaid insurance coverage expansion will make the sources accountable for a large proportion of the expenditure in behavioral healthcare. There is a broad categorization of entities that fund behavioral health which includes the private and public sector financing (Garfield, 2011).
Public Sector Financing
Public financing includes entities like the Medicaid program which operates at the federal and state levels. Other programs that are funded by the public sector include the programs that the states fund through State Mental Health Agencies as well as the block grants from the federal governments that the states receive (Garfield, 2011).
Medicaid
This source provides more funding for the behavioral health in the U.S. This was not originally intended for funding behavioral health. However, it now acts as a foundation that is used to expand behavioral health financing in the United States. Medicaid under the Obamacare includes all Americans living up to 133 percent of poverty. Most individuals who are eligible suffer from mental problems (Garfield, 2011).
Block Grants for Community Mental Health Services
Block grants provide financial assistance to states and territories that allow them to provide comprehensive mental healthcare to the adults in the community who suffer from serious mental illnesses as well as children with emotional disturbances. Progress in the implementation of complete community-based systems for mental health is monitored by this fund and this also includes technical assistance to Mental Health Planning Council and to the States (CFDA, 2014).
Private Sector Financing
Finances for behavioral health in the private sector comes from private insurance and pocket expenditures. Other sources of funding include charity care although this plays a minor role in financing behavioral healthcare (Garfield, 2011).
Review of my Health Insurance Plan
Coventry Healthcare policy covers me and it provides the benefits of mental health. Coventry provides mental benefits that compares to those of medical services in relation to financial limitations and treatment (deductibles and co-pays) in regards to the 2008’s Mental Health Parity Act. My opinion is that medical benefits should not be different from mental healthcare benefits. This is important to me since if parity is not present, most Americans with mental disorders would experience cost-sharing arrangements, financial limits and reduced coverage that would exclude some conditions as well as limitations in treatment type and duration. All these can cause poor and insufficient care and health outcomes.
Health Services in Las Vegas
In Las Vegas, mental healthcare and treatment services that are available include:
- Psychiatric confidential assessment
- Treatment program for the assertive community
- Mobile Crisis Team (MCT)
- Coordination for intensive service
Drugs and alcohol addiction services that are available include the outpatient services, inpatient treatment for abuse victims, centers that offer long-term care, rehab centers, recovery centers, group and private counseling services (Grant, 2014).
In a nutshell, the system for mental health in the U.S is still facing serious challenges in relation to personnel, evidence-based practices application and funding. Similarly, mental healthcare services are largely offered by the primary healthcare services, especially in the rural areas. Something positive and worth noting is that several insurance firms that provide mental health policies provide parity services due to the 2008’s Mental Health Parity Act.
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References
CFDA. (2014). Block grants for community mental health services. Retrieved on 2 February 2014 from: <https://www.cfda.gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=core&id=6dfed5efc06aa5ac7a5b11b889abd057>
Garfield, R. L. (2011). Mental health financing in the United States: a primer. Retrieved on 2 February 2014 from: <http://kff.org/medicaid/report/mental-health-financing-in-the-united-states/>
Goldman, H. H., Buck, J. A. & Thompson, K. (2009). Transforming mental health services. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
Grant, N. (2014). About mental illness. Retrieved on 2 February 2014 from: <http://mhds.nv.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=53>
National Alliance on Mental Illness (2014). Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America. Retrieved on 2 February 2014 from: <http://www.nami.org/PrinterTemplate.cfm?Section=New_Freedom_Commission&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=28322>
Russell, L. (2010). Mental health care services in primary care. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. Retrieved on 2 February 2014 from: <http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/report/2010/10/04/8466/mental-health-care-services-in-primary-care/>
Talbot, J. A. & Coburn, A. F. (2013). Challenges and opportunities for improving mental health services in rural long-term care.
- Published in Research Paper Help
Samuel de Champlain: Founding of New France Essay
Samuel de Champlain: Founding of New France
Samuel de Champlain, who is known as the Father of New France, was born in the Brouage, Saintonge province, Western France. He was raised in a protestant household in the year 1570. His father Anthoine de Champlain was a sea captain, and this gave Champlain aspiration to be an explorer and a sailor. This desire came when he was only 20 years old, under the leadership of Francois Grave, and he made his first expedition to the North America. Samuel Champlain did not get formal education in either Latin literature or Greek, however he learnt to sail, draw nautical charts and to write. He as well learnt how to fight, one of the core necessities for French sailors and later joined the army led by King Henry as a soldier.
Champlain’s first expedition was with his uncle-in-law, Saint Julien, a great sailor and a sea voyageur. Julien was shipping the army to Cadizin the pursuit of a treaty with the Vervins. Champlain made another trip to West Indies and Mexico. In any of the trips he made, he learnt new things as well as presented a report to King Henry. He lawfully acquired the expedition ship as well as assets after his uncle passed away leaving him economically steady to make more sailing chores. He worked in the King’s court as a geographer. His first journey to the Northern America was to look at trade voyage that the King had given him. He met François Grave, an exceptional sailor and ship captain who taught him what sailing in the North America involved. He drew Saint Lawrence on a map following this journey. Champlain built numerous settlements that included Acadia as well as Port Royal from where he travelled around Atlantic Ocean. He as well made another expedition to the Quebec area, where he settled and developed the Quebec City. Champlain worked hard in restoring as well as touring the city that later turned into a new French colony. He wedded Helene Boulle in the year 1610 adopting three daughters.
In 1609, he attempted to enhance the relationship links with the inherent tribes. Champlain made sturdy alliances with tribes that incorporated Wendat, Algonquin and Montagnais. These tribes lived around Saint Lawrence River. The tribes required that he had to guide them in battle against the Iroquois tribe. The Iroquois settled on the south region of Richelieu River. They had a coalition with Dutch and England, and thus they had powerful armies. They were interested on the fur trade that put the two colonies in resistance over regulation of the trade. These tribes often battled the French as well as their tribes in coalition with them to enforce trade of fur to the English traders. Champlain also travelled with French armies as well as native fighters to tour the region and he later came up with the Map of Lake Champlain. In the course of the trip, a number of Iroquois natives battled his men and conflict erupted. The war ended following the defeat and murder of three Iroquois chiefs. This affected the French-Iroquois alliance, but Champlain later mediated for a pact that united the two warring parties.
New France, is a word that was embraced to allude to the region that the French occupied in the North America. Jacques Cartier, Samuel Champlain among other expeditors set new routes along St. Lawrence River to permit extra expedition duties in the North America zones. Champlain travelled to other areas along Lake Champlain and built new buildings in the territories. These developments brought home many French settlers who occupied many regions that Champlain had established in Acadia and Port Royal. Establishment of Quebec City was one of the greatest accomplishments of Champlain, as the city enticed many French settlers into the region. Richelieu, who was comfortable working with Champlain, established a corporation that included 100 partners, who were to invest at the New France. The fur trade in the Canadian area enticed investors who were offered protection and land. The settlers were to invest in trade as well as in farming. Champlain was selected as the Governor of the New French as a result of his accomplishments. His plan of making coalitions with the native tribes offered the settlers much easier way to trip to the North American area. The natives enlightened the settlers on how to overcome the harsh conditions in the area hunting for foodstuffs as well as profound exploration of the area.
To sum up, Champlain exposure as a soldier as well as an expert diplomat made the New French a serene colony. He excelled in great wars against the Iroquois as well as signed pacts with them, regulated the fur trade and joined English and French merchants to regulate the trade of fur and this impacted the development of the colony. This book is an exceptional source of ancient account with interesting verities.
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Reference
Gayle K. Brunelle. Samuel de Champlain: Founder of New France: A Brief History with Documents by
Samuel de Champlain. Toronto: Champlain Society Publication date, 1922.
- Published in Review Essays
Essay on Should Government Invest More Money In Building Shelter House?
Should Government Invest More Money In Building Shelter House?
Shelter is a basic requirement for human survival, and no one can contentedly live without a good house. Majority of the state and non-governmental institutes go through extensive operation to protect their people from the impacts of being homeless (Australia, 2012, p.93). Nevertheless, lack of shelter is still a core issue for most of the nations globally, as well as forces itself into the social system of the community. Essentially, there are two kinds of shelters and they are semi-permanent and permanent or temporary shelter. The nature of shelter that a certain community holds shows its social as well as financial situations.
In contrast, social culture commands the kind of shelter that a certain community builds. This unique way of sheltering is seen diversely from social as well as ethnic settings. In this respect, modernization and civilization accentuate on a standard shelter model. Being not able to satisfy these thresholds is seen as underdevelopment. Australia is never exempt to lack of housing, more so amongst Aborigines. As a result, the question stood, whether the state ought to put more funds in constructing shelter houses, is perfect. Homelessness is described here on the viewpoints that incorporate insecurity, lack of connections as well as protection in that provided setting, leading to homelessness. The Australian government need to actually work on measures to control the increasing impacts of homelessness. This statement is vindicated depending on a number of reasons.
The government ought to work hard to get rid of the issues that many people experience in the nation. Homelessness as a social crisis has exposed the populace to massive difficulties in their lives. Actually, the state need to act fast to build ample homes for the millions of homeless Australians. The initial motive is connected to the monetary capability of population (Kennedy, & De Roos, 2005, p.143). Majority of the manual worker households have lesser incomes, and barely satisfy their basic requirements. These incomes are quite low, to scope that individuals are pushed to build temporary as well as makeshift shelters. This problem has caused several instances of homelessness being faced in the nation. As a result, the state need to find a housing plan that attempts to promote the rates of constructing these shelters. These days, majority of the Australians do not have serene houses, and are probable to live like this. An economical difficulty in the nation negatively affects the population, who have to face great sufferings. This is the initial highlight that spurs the state to take part in home building, for fear that the people will go on staying in social outskirts. Easy to understand shelter strategies by the state are probable to bring change on the social condition of the populace.
The government of Australia need to improve its housing scheme to culminate several social as well as ancient gaps in the nation. Intergenerational poverty in this nation is one of the problems that causes inadequate housing amenities (Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, 2010, p.74). In the past account, numerous individuals owning up to diverse ethical backgrounds have gone through the vice of social segregation as well as downgrading. The outcome of this exercise is severe poverty. For example, natives of Aboriginal origin have gone through the effects of social discernment, which has led to widespread poverty among them.
This is what has been referred to as generational poverty, and it can culminate by adjusting to sturdy social and progressive frameworks. The only means to ease these circumstances is by spurring the socially deprived people. On top of this, the Aborigines have a developmental historical background of not having safe as homes and shelter amenities. The start of financial underdevelopment in this nation commences with the impacts of generationally inherited poverty. For this reason, the Australian government needs to establish widespread undertakings to leverage these individuals from their social challenges and backups. With the building of houses, the Aborigines, amongst many other social-segregated people, will be motivated as well as adapt to modernism.
Lack of conformity flanked by several homes as well as the number of people puts the nation to widespread lack of shelters. This is the other reason the state needs to deal with the issue via building sustainable homes for the population (Australia, 2003, p.88). Congestion causes formation of slums as well as unsafe settlements. These settlements are certain to cause several problems to the population, who usually have to face deprived living situations. Culmination of the housing problem in the nation can solitary be possible if the state takes part in the building of many houses. Presently, majority of the Australians lack shelters or are living in deprived houses. These place fail to provide a serene living setting, and occasionally cause most of the situations in the city. Issues with urbanization commence with the institution of deprived settlements. Progressions of social wrongdoing in cities are vastly linked to the deprived living situations. For example, fiscal and social disparity is vastly evident where there are huge inequalities amongst social divisions. This is a severe issue that need to be dealt with significantly, for dread that the community disintegrates into acute social as well as financial collapse. Governmental projects on homelessness need to take measures, as well as make sure that no individual is exposed to poor life. Actually, the social feedback of individual towards the poor situation is quite low as well as destructive. Under usual situation, individuals who are inspired try to be financially active and socially visible. This is the policy that the state needs to embrace to build more shelters so as to end the generational poverty as well as injustices.
Regardless of the attempts to have more houses for the population, the procedure need to be dealt with care and contemplation. In the instance of Australia, the population of Aborigine origins are alleged to be vastly stuck to their ethnic and moral roots. These individuals exercise nomadic ways of life and hold no places of long-term dwelling (Ryan, 2006, p.124). As a result, the consequences of building many houses may include great loss to the state. A good example is where, it is expensive to build a permanent home for a nomad who has to travel now and then. A full nomadic lifestyle does not back a stable way of life. This is another motive that must be looked at prior to government’s investment on this group of people. Nevertheless, this statement is still a myth, as it has no sturdy evidence.
Based on the prevalent helpful facts, it is suitable for the Australian government to capitalize more on constructing houses. Fine housing amenities present a great ending to social inequality as well as generational poverty. The state is obligated to establish exceptional ways of life for its population, as well as inspire their social status. This is one way that the nation can stay financially stable and accountable in the start of modernism. On top of this, long-term investment by employers, who actually have lesser revenue, is exceptionally characterized in the subsidized settlement projects via these houses (Conroy, 2007, p.45). At last, the procedure of putting funds in permanent houses need to be pursued carefully to disrupt any likely consequences on the populations. For instance, nomadic challenges need to be apprehended prior to the state investing in housing. With these facets considered by the state, it is easy for the people to progress as well as adjust to modernism.
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References
Australia. (2003). Parliamentary debates, House of Representatives, weekly Hansard. Canberra, By Authority.
Australia. (2012). Australian foreign affairs record. Canberra, Australian Govt. Pub. Service].
Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. (2010). The Parliamentarian; Journal of the parliaments of the Commonwealth.
Conroy, J. D. (2007). Shelter for the homeless: Asian-Pacific needs and Australian responses. Canberra, ACFOA.
Kennedy, D., De Roos, D., & De Roos, D. (2005). The insider’s guide to real estate investing loopholes. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley. http://www.contentreserve.com/TitleInfo.asp?ID={28595963-C7D9-49BC-A223-E15F87FFE4C9}&Format=410.
Ryan, D. S. (2006). America: a guide to the experience. London, UK, Kozmik Press.
- Published in Argumentative Essays
Essay on Should Government Promote Dental Information to Community?
Should Government Promote Dental Information to Community?
The great changes in the oral health for a number of years reveals the strong science foundation for corrective action of oral diseases that has been caused as well as linked to the society, in clinical exercise and in the households. The dental calling for long duration as any person can recall campaigned for disease as well as health development methods to oral health. The early insights in the 1930s that people staying in groups who were offered fluoridated water had higher levels of dental decays led to the amazing clinical prevention investigations of the 1940s as well as 1950s. Oral health consciousness services offered by dental experts in the surrounding environment can aid enhance dental health issues for households, adults as well as special needs patients (IFDH, 2013). Nevertheless, offering an important fountain of learning, medicine procurement as well as the continuing support of health messages, community health schemes can reveal the goals of the state and other mankind services supporters. The state acts considerably in enhancing oral health of its populaces.
The amazing achievements of the researches hurried up a prevailing seizure of community water fluoridation as great gains, minimal effort precautionary system that benefited older as well as youngsters, rich and poor in the same manner. On top of this, it offered authority to medical experts, scientists, industry as well as open health managers to ponder on diverse kinds of group wide, supplier founded and unique systems that deal with improving oral as well a wide-ranging health. Majority of regular oral illness could be shunned via an assortment of a group, unique as well as adept methodologies.
These methodologies that the state must make use of include sickness appropriation as well as health improvement negotiation restricted within the people, experts and policymakers to guarantee a nature’s domain, lessen threat variables, brief target accumulations as well as improving training and exercises. They were picked on basis of the significance of the health problem they were projected to expect, if concerning commonness, intensity, price, occurrence or effect on individual gratification. The society can enhance their oral health when they are conscious of the actions to be undertaken by the state. The state ought to convey the measures as well as request the society to enact them so as to shun dental illness as a result of fluoridated water.
Given the collection of variables impacting dental advancement as well as improvement, the means to open health schemes directed at shunning life commencement inadequacies depends essentially on health advancement and learning campaigns. Individuals ought to be made aware of recognized threat as well as protective components in dental illness. These schemes might also highlight the importance of great sustenance, avoidance of tobacco as well as liquor use and dental issue. As information from developmental science, epidemiologic, clinical and heredity studies collates, dental consideration suppliers are in a good position to offer commands. People generally are well suited by health development as well as illness prevention fights that deliver findings on threat as well as protective components in pregnancy. Lack of data can impact peoples’ health in the community. In the occasion that individuals are not well-versed with importance as well as consideration of their adolescents’ important teeth or when they have no idea that dental sealants exist, they are impractical to make fine move or search for professional directions. It is the function of health care sector being controlled by the state to make sure the society is conscious of the presence of dental complications.
As it turned out that the widespread community is not aware of the gains of society water fluoridation, open votes and subsidizing for these interventions are not likely to be supported. On top of this, in case individuals have no knowledge that an oral tumor test exist, they may fail to focus on its importance. Nevertheless, it is universally safe that data alone will not hurry up suitable exercises. A good example is despite the verity that individuals understand that tobacco use is detrimental as well as it aids a number of life-threatening complications, a number of them cannot quite smoking. The leading number of people who need these data, majority are those earning low income and those with huge scopes of commands are those who do not provide information and expertise (oral health ability) to ask and acquire certain protective administration or treatment options. Medical professions are in a great position to offer the best health information and forethought on their patients. They similarly have an opportunity to enhance their data as well as exercise in addition to creating their correspondence to patients on the systems they offer and the clarifications behind these methods. Majority of the people paying attention to socioeconomic scope agree that the best tactic to get rid of dental decays is by cleaning their teeth (Gift et al. 1994).
A comprehensive look at the value of fluorides by general people in preventing dental caries on top of this was seen in year 1985 NHIS (Corbin et al. 1985). In a summary of data and verdicts of people at large, dental experts, and dental scientists on the most perfect tactic to prevent dental caries is via tooth cleaning, whilst dental analysts consistently amassed fluorides, as most essential. A small research around Latina mothers confirmed that they recognized that cleaning with preparing pop is a great tactic to prevent dental caries; they knew nothing about cleaning teeth with a fluoride-holding dentifrice (Watson et al. 1999).
A research on the oral hygiene exercise of an accommodation sample of 34,897 customers and non-users of tobacco items who got dental awareness in 75 exercises, 74% accounted brushing twice a day as well as 36% accounted flossing each day (Andrews 1998). Tobacco customers clean and flossed significantly less as regularly as possible than those who are non-smokers. Patients with more than a secondary school training were less supportive to tobacco commodities as well as more supported cleaning teeth no less than two times each day and floss daily than those with no lessons.
A small sum of countrywide studies of open as well as professional training, state of mind as well as exercises are evident. Important points from these, governments and surroundings considers that evaluated hatred of dental caries, oral malignancies as well as periodontal illnesses are offered below. For most part, people at large are not able to separate between systems that shun dental caries and those that prevent periodontal maladies (Gift et al. 1994). This confusion has been due to the predominant advertising content that refers to them a “plaque ailments” avertable by extensive tooth brushing with a toothbrush and floss. On top of this, the general populace as well as medicinal services providers are not fully trained on the comparative price of fluoride and the perfect suggested requisitions of regimens to prevent dental decays (Gallup 1992). Extra efforts are necessary to improve data and exercises recognized with oral tumor evasion. The same way as with diverse areas of testing, extensive research is necessary to understand as well as to enhance custom-made interventions.
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Bibliography
Andrews JA, Severson HH, Lichtenstein E, Gordon JS. 1998. Relationship between tobacco use and self-reported oral hygiene habits. J Am Dent Assoc,129:313-20.
Corbin B, Maas W, Kleinman D, Backinger CL. 1985. NHIS findings on public knowledge and attitudes about oral diseases and preventive measures. Public Health Rep ;102:53-60.
Gift HC, Corbin SB, Nowjack-Raymer RE. 1994. Public knowledge about prevention of dental disease—1990 NHIS. Public Health Rep, 109:397-404.
Gallup Organization, Inc. 1992. A Gallup study of parents’ behavior, knowledge and attitudes toward fluoride. Dent Office, 9-10.
International Federation of Dental Hygienists, 2013. Community Health. Available at http://www.ifdh.org/community_health.html
O’Neil H. Opinion study comparing attitudes about dental health. J Am Dent Assoc 1984;109:910-
Watson M, Horowitz A, Garcia I, Canto T. 1999. Caries conditions among 2-5 year old immigrant Latino children related to parents’ oral health knowledge, opinions and practices. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol;27:8-15.
- Published in Buy Essay
Value of Education Sample Essay
Value of Education
College education has become a controversial subject in the recent past considering the divergent opinions that parents, teachers and students have had on higher learning. Scholars have also been dragged into the shifting opinion on higher learning, and through research, they have written so much about the changing perspectives on higher education. While parents and students have come to view higher education as a means of acquiring plum jobs, others see it as a place for inactive intellectual expression and growth, which should be given more attention in order to bring out its full potential from its status as a means of obtaining employment.
In the article, ‘’what is College for?’’ New York Times’, Gary Gutting argues that colleges are much more than pots for training individuals who are seeking jobs. According to him, the purpose for a college is ‘’to nourish a world of intellectual culture: that is, a world of ideas, dedicated to what we can scientifically know, understand humanistically, or express artistically’’ (Gutting). This is a thought echoed by Rosenbaum, Stephan and Rosenbaum, who say that colleges have much more to offer than just bachelors peddled around (Rosenbaum et al, 3).
The three further point out that a lot of misinformation to the purposes and results of college are distributed by both colleges. According to them, they state of the exaggerated claims on the future of successful graduates and a consideration of BA plans by both parents and students without knowing about the possibilities and well satisfying alternatives (Rosenbaum et al. 3). This thought is also shared by Gutting on the availability of other options other than bachelor programs that offer better results unlike college programs. The key argument is, ‘’we could provide job-training and basic social and moral formation for young adults in a way that is cheaper and efficient. This may be through a combination of professional and trade schools, and public service programs’’ (Gutting). If the aim of college is only preparing students for jobs, thus, other options remain widely open for them, and not within the intellectual environment that is offered by colleges.
Over the years, there has been an increase in the number of students pursuing college education. Much of this is attributed to the encouragement of the open admissions policy that protects low-achieving students from being discouraged by counselors (Rosenbaum et al. 5). This results into a completely low number of college graduates from these students. Besides, the experience becomes totally unfit for these students who are eventually disengaged from the material that they are expected to be studying (Gutting). Thus, while the college admissions may be increasing quickly, with the cost of college also being a determinant on how easy it is for students to register into college, the entire college experience is doubtfully unfulfilling for students who ‘’spend only as much time as they require to get grades that seem to be appealing to them’’ (Gutting).
The main disparity between Rosenbaum, Stephan and Rosenbaum’s and Gutting’s opinion on higher education is the students’ perspective about higher learning. According to Gutting, a survey of graduates reveal that 74% find college useful for their intellectual growth, 69% consider is as important for their growth and maturity as people while 55% showed that college is important in preparing them for their careers and jobs (Gutting). In contrast, Rosenbaum, Stephan and Stephan point out that most students, under the open admission program, go to college fully prepared for higher learning. This lack of preparedness results from the fact that ‘’high school students are rarely offered proper information concerning what college requires, how prepared they are, and what actions would ensure that they are prepared’’ (Rosenbaum et al. 7).
The difference in their opinions however, does not take on the definition of college education. On the other hand, Gutting does not define college education as either BA or AA. For the three, the definition of college however, remains tied to BA programs. According to Rosenbaum, Stephan and Rosenbaum, ‘’in everyday language and informal policy discussions, the word ‘’college’’ is used as a synonym for ‘’bachelor’s degree’’ (Rosenbaum et al. 3).
With the definition of college as only an institution that provides BA programs, many parents remain expectant of their children’s pursuit of college degrees. Even with the increasing expenses in taking children to college, parents continuously commit most of their efforts in college education. These parents’ expectations is that after graduation, their children will have secured their future since ‘’Bachelor’s degrees have a million-dollar payoff in lifetime earnings’’ (Rosenbaum et al. 3). This expectation surfaces when the truth is that people who hold jobs that require AAs end up earning much more than those with Bas. This misconception (BA being more profitable in earning compared to AA) has been propagated by public advertisements literature on educational reform as well as guidance and counseling.
The misconception about BA being greater than AA has been impacted by failures in the guidance and counseling program. While the program was aimed at guiding the students in programs that were ultimately within their ability, this has changed over time, especially with the introduction of open admission programs. The guidance and counseling program had largely acted as college gatekeepers, barring students with low grades from obtaining college admission (Rosenbaum et al. 5). Most of the counselors have since protested their placement as gatekeepers. This impacts a proliferation of students into college, some of whom eventually fail to graduate from college (Gutting).
However, the change in the opinions of counselors is a deeply rooted problem in high schools. A good number of high schools are in dire need of counselors since many do not have them. Rosenbaum et al argue that, ‘’data from 2001 reveal that, averagely, the ratio of counselors to students is 1 to 284’’ (5). The situation is even worse in some other schools where a single counselor has to handle more than 700 students. Such a huge workload does not help in assisting the students to make better decisions on whether or not to pursue college education based on their intellectual capability.
The growing number of students joining college is a good indication of academic achievement. However, the insistence on BA programs even for students who are unable to achieve such high academic grades does not put in more effort towards helping students in making career choices. The failure of academic counseling programs is a worrying issue and this should be corrected immediately in order to save the college program and assist students in making the best choices on the careers to pursue.
Works Cited
Gutting, Gary. “What is College For?” The New York Times, 2011, December 14. Web. 3 February 2014.
Rosenbaum, James, E. “Beyond One-Size-Fits-All College Dreams.” American Educator, 2010.
- Published in Comparative Essay
Methodological Process of Ethnographic Observation Sample Essay
Methodological Process of Ethnographic Observation
Methodological Process
Ethnographic observation is a research that is conducted through open-resource questions to collect data on the perception of participants. This kind of research entails questioning the way in which people perceive their environment and exemplify or make sense of the significant events in their lives. This ethnographic design researched on the natural, cultural learning process and used children as an ethnographic model. This type of study abides by a methodological process that entails various steps. Ethnographic observation is completed by different kinds of interviews. These types of interviews included open-handed interview, interview guide approach and informal conversation interview. This is an implication that for the interviews to be efficient in collecting the information, they have to follow the steps that have been outlines in the methodological process. The ethnographic observation that I conducted was done in the steps outlined below.
The first step is access to the ethnographical observation setting. This means that for the observation to be a success, one must be in a position to gain access to the target population in the environment that is under investigation by the researcher. This involved accessing the environment where the children learn. This is followed by making sure that one fully understands the culture and language of the respondents. If this is lacking, it is not possible for the ethnographic observation to be efficiently completed. The researcher should also be competent in making a decision on how to present himself or herself as a researcher. This is important in ensuring that the researcher is accepted by the target interviewees for cooperation. In undertaking this study, I was able to present myself in a friendly manner that the children could easily identify with in their day-to-day routine and also in the learning environment.
It is also crucial for the researcher to make sure that he or she identifies a cooperative informant. This is important in ensuring that the acquired information is relevant and that other informants will find it conducive and comfortable to work with the researcher. The other step entails field testing, refining the questions, probing and intensity of pause. This will ensure that the process of the study is efficient in collection of the right information that is relevant to the research. I had to refine the questions to make it easier for children to comprehend and also make sure that they could not experience any challenges in understanding and giving their responses. The other step is defining the statement of the focus and purpose of the study. This will be critical in making sure that the study abides by the right guidelines that will ensure the success of the whole process. Having noted that the study was focused on identification of how the child process was influenced by the people they interact with. The questions of the research were refined so that the response to the questions showed how the learning process and behavior of children is influenced by the people they interact with.
After the steps outlined above, the final step entails the creation of a rapport and development of good trust between the person doing the research and the respondents. This is also imperative in ascertaining that the process of the study is efficient and conducted according to the right procedures. After this, the questions are appropriately ordered to ensure that the researcher acquire relevant information and is not distracted by impromptu questions. This is followed by audio tapping and maintenance of interview records that will be used for gathering data. Failure to pay do this may impact unprecedented problems, like distortion of information and collection of irrelevant data. The final step involves collecting relevant materials. This is crucial in ensuring that only the right information is gathered according to the guidelines of ethnographical observation research.
Preliminary Analysis
This ethnographical design researched into the natural, cultural learning process and used children as an ethnographic model. I chose to use a young child as an ethnographic model to an audience with no background in either ethnography or anthropology. However, it should be noted that children learn things through observation and taking in the actions and things that their parents, siblings and other people that they come into contact with behave. My study revealed that young children will copy what old people do and this influences the way they behave from a tender age. I had to create a rapport without influencing the behavior of children. The observation found out that a significant number of children were heavily influenced by the reactions of their mothers. However, another percentage that interacted with their fathers also showed that they liked to copy their fathers. There were also a significant number of respondents who said that they imitated their older siblings. The research also revealed that some of their behaviors were also heavily influenced by their colleagues in schools and their teachers. This is an indication that the learning process of children is greatly influenced by the people that they interact with.
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- Published in Custom Writing