Crisis Management for MovilExpress
Crisis Management for MovilExpress
Movil Express is a Telecommunication Company, which focuses on growing through tapping into the expanding market of video streaming, internet voice and high definition cable television. However, it can only achieve these, if it has the correct infrastructure in place. Together with market ideas, it will be possible to overcome risks, which could escalate and become crises (Rouse par 2). To deal with these challenges, the company needs a crisis management team.
Definition of Crisis Management
Crisis management encompasses identifying likely crises, and adopting measures to mitigate their severity and putting in place a recovery course (Crandall and Parnell et al.10).
Purpose of Crisis Management Team
It conducts landscape survey and identifies looming crises, which could hit the company either internally or externally. The team then develops a strategic plan to counter the crises if they are inevitable (King 236). Notably, the team carries out landscape survey in two phases, which are internal landscape and the external landscape (Crandall and Parnell et al. 15).
Internal Landscape Survey
This survey focuses on factors, within the company’s control and that the crises could be from within. These crises mainly stem from internal factors (Crandall and Parnell et al.12). An example would be inability of the company to pay for the infrastructure from Cisco. To expand their services, they need more equipment from Cisco. The firms target to lower the cost of voice data for its customers. However, a possible crisis is the resistance of customers to change, opting to embrace their current providers.
External Landscape Survey
This covers factors beyond the control of the company and whose crises pose a greater challenge to counter. Nonetheless, it is possible to lessen the impact of the crises (Crandall and Parnell et al. 13). A possible external crisis for Movil Express is delivering inferior services to their competitors in the market, as it has no control over their ability to advance in technology. Another factor is the sociological structure of the company’s target market. Most clients are young people who have interacted with technology throughout their lives. While this is the case, older population, which has stronger purchasing power, is likely to be left out of consideration.
Movil Express has several weaknesses, which could lead to crises in the end. They include a small market share and lack of proactive approaches when penetrating markets with new products. This may cost the firm as the competitors excel. Other factors are government surveillance, which make customers apprehensive, inflation, and high interest rates, making it hard to service debts.
Strategic Planning For Movil
To address these challenges, Movil has to get money from trusted lenders and Cisco as soon as possible and get discounts. The company also requires intensive marketing campaigns to increase its market share. Baseline research on potential markets is also necessary to master the culture of the population and get an overview of the competitors’ tactics. This will help in developing unique products to take over the market.
Works Cited
Crandall, William, John A Parnell and John E Spillan.Crisis management in the new strategy landscape. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2010. Print.
King, Granville, I., II. “Crisis Management & Team Effectiveness: A Closer Examination.” Journal of Business Ethics 41.3 (2002): 235-49.
Rouse, Margaret. “What is crisis management? – Definition from WhatIs.com.”Whatis.techtarget.com, 2013.Web. 28 Feb 2014. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/crisis-management
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Sample Comparison Essay on Intrinsic Value Vs instrumental Value
Intrinsic Value Vs instrumental Value
Intrinsic value and Instrumental value have been a case of seemingly contrasting ideas in ethics, since philosophers began debating the subject of philosophy. Instrumental values are those values that are merely meant to achieve an ethical decision. Intrinsic on the other hand, are values that are understood as human nature. The two make up the philosophic argument of whether or not a particular value refers to means-to-an-end, or an end itself.
When making comparison between intrinsic value and instrumental value, it is important to note that intrinsic value simply refers to something worthwhile not because it leads to something else, but due to its own sake alone. This can be simply expressed as Good-in-itself. Instrumental value on the other hand, is something considered as a means to some other good, i.e. it a lead to something else that is good. For instance, money can be termed as instrumental good since it can lead to pleasure.
In terms of instrumental value, every idea or concept is an action that leads to value. For instance, reading is an 
action and it leads to the value of happiness. The next question would be where happiness leads or is it a value that is good in itself. The debate over that is from the belief that on one hand, happiness could be an instrument to make us feel content. However, to some, it simply could just be the end. Thus, it can be said that the classification of certain values as either intrinsic or instrumental vary.
Instrumental values can be direct and indirect means of observing intrinsic values. This is plausible suggestion since instrumental values are basically a means to an end while intrinsic values are the end. Thus, it can be said that the two can as well fit in together. An example would b of a man being happy while spending the day with his family. Spending time with family is the instrumental value that leads to the intrinsic value of being happy. The fact that the two fit well together calls to question whether or not there is an agreement between the two values at all.
Instrumental value is quite easier to spot and define. However, an intrinsic value can be very challenging. The idea that an intrinsic value is something that a person cannot explain why it is a value, apart from merely being a value, is an issue of debate. It is hard to explain or even accept that something can be good in and of itself, and that there is no any other reason for its good. However, if people only consider their core beliefs as intrinsic and everything else as instrumental, intrinsic values begin to clear up.
While the two ideas appear to be in contrast, they fit together almost quite well and can be termed as mutually exclusive. From their arguments, it can be concluded that instrumental values can lead to intrinsic values.
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Reference:
http://environmentalethicsberry2012.wordpress.com/2012/02/01/4c-instrumental-vs-intrinsic-value-looking-for-the-right-one/
http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/intrinsic.html
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Sample Essay on United States Fiscal Cliff
United States Fiscal Cliff
The United States fiscal cliff came into existence in 2013 January whereby, a series of laws previously enacted came into effect simultaneously. The 2001 Bush tax cuts which had received a 2 year extension by the Tax Relief Act of 2010 and were to expire on 31st December 2012 as well as planned spending cuts under Budget Control Act of 2011 at that time also came into play.
In the past, the term ‘fiscal cliff’ has been used for purposes of referring to various fiscal issues. The use of the term came into context with the 2010 expiration of the Bush tax cuts. In 2011, the term started been used to refer to deficit reductions that would occur in 2013 under fiscal cliff scenario. Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the United States Federal Reserve in late February 2012 popularized use of the term for the upcoming tax reduction deficits.
He described the massive fiscal cliff of tax increases and large spending that would take effect on 1st January 2013 before the House Financial Services Committee. Majority of the analysts were not in agreement with the choice of words and argued it should have been called fiscal hill or slope.
They reasoned that such options would have been appropriate since while the cumulative economic effect of 2013 would be substantial, the same would not be felt immediately but gradually with advance in the weeks and months.
There are some key laws that lead to the cliff and some of these are as highlighted below:
- Bush tax cuts expiration as part of the 2001 Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act and the 2003
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act as extended by the 2010 Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization and Job Creation Act. - Spending cuts across the board to most of the discretionary programs directed by Budget Control Act of 2011
- Reverse of Alternative Minimum Tax threshold to the 2000 tax year levels.
- Expiration of 2percent Social Security Payroll tax cut extended most recently by MCTRJCA
Without any new provisions, the provisions were to go into effect automatically on 1st January 2013. There are some provisions that raised the taxes while others reduced spending. Some of the lawmakers had intentions to attach bipartisan extension to expiring wind-power tax credit.
There were proposals to avoid the fiscal cliff which involved passing new legislation or repealing legislation that contained some of the provisions in order to extend the provisions that were about to expire. There were also different proposals aimed at including changes to all or some of the provisions.
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Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fiscal_cliff
http://www.forbes.com/sites/rickungar/2012/11/10/the-fiscal-cliff-explained/
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Sample Essay on Genetic Divergence
Genetic Divergence
Genetic divergence refers to the process through which 2 or more populations of the same ancestral species amass genetic changes or mutation over time. This often occurs once the populations are reproductively secluded for certain duration. There are instances when subpopulations living in environments that are ecologically distinct show signs of genetic divergence from the rest of the population especially in cases where the population is very immense.
Some of these genetic differences among populations might include silent mutations which don’t have any effects on phenotypes or lead to significant changes whether physiological and/or morphological. At all times, genetic divergence is accompanied by reproductive isolation which can be as a result of novel adaptations through selection and/or as a result of genetic drift. This is in essence the major principal that underlies speciation.
The technique of detecting and directing two or more desirable genetic traits artificially is known as genetic divergence technology. Genetic divergences that occur naturally are often seen in high character levels of function and structure that can be observed readily in different species. For instance the limb of the vertebrate is a classic example of genetic divergence that occurs naturally. In numerous varying species, the limb can be traced back to an origin that is common.
While this is the case, it has diverged not only in its overall function but the structure as well. The technology of genetic divergence is applicable in the biology of molecular characteristics. Ideally, this is applicable to the pathway of two or additional cell types of organisms for instance, it is applicable to proteins and genes like nucleotide sequences or those of protein sequences which are derived from two or additional homologous genes.
Orthologous genes which result from speciation event as well as paralogue genes which result from the duplication of genes within the population are said to showcase natural divergence. This is attributed to the fact that the paralogous genes are likely to undergo genetic divergence when there are 2 genes within that species.
There are different factors that contribute to genetic divergence and some of these are as highlighted below:
Meiosis
These are genetic changes which occur as a result of two processes which include mutations and sexual recombination. Chromosomes carry genes and each cell body has identical pairs of chromosomes known as diploid state. Sexual production requires gametes pairing from 2 individuals hence each gamete should have one pair of chromosome each known as haploid state.
Genetic mutations
This is yet another contributor of genetic divergence. Genes are comprised of DNA while DNA is comprised of nucleotides. Whenever there is a change in nucleotides sequence, there is also a change in the DNA and this leads to genes changes.
Other factors that lead to genetic divergence include allopatric speciation, sympatic speciation and natural selection.
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Sources
http://www.ehow.com/info_8291666_factors-drive-genetic-divergence.html
http://infosources.org/what_is/Genetic_divergence.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_divergence
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Sample Essay on Inbreeding
Inbreeding
Inbreeding is a term that defines production of offspring from breeding or mating of organism or individuals that are genetically related which is the contrast of outcrossing which is mating of individuals that are unrelated. By analogy, inbreeding is used in relation to human production but often refers to genetic disorders as well as consequences that might arise from consanguinity or incestuous relationships. Inbreeding can lead to homozygosity which increases the possibility of the offspring getting affected by deleterious or recessive traits.
As a result of this, the population is exposed to a decreased level of biological fitness (known as inbreeding depression) which is the ability of the offspring to reproduce as well as survive. Individuals inheriting deleterious traits are referred to as inbred. The technique of inbreeding is often applied in selective breeding and is often used in the case of livestock. For instance, majority of breeders try to create a desirable, new trait in livestock but they also have to keep an open eye for characteristics that are undesirable so they can be eliminated by carrying out further culling or selective breeding.
In plants, inbred lines are often used as the stock for creating hybrid lines and make use of heterosis. In plants, inbreeding will occur naturally as self pollination. Note that inbreeding in humans can lead to congenital birth defects and this is because there is a likelihood of the homozygous zygotes level been very high in offsprings.
Individuals with 2 gene copies are likely to suffer from disorders such as autosomal recessive for recessive genetic mutation. Except in extremely rare cases, like uniparental disomy or new mutations both parents of the individual with the disorder are carriers of that gene. Such carriers don’t display mutation signs and in some cases they are often unaware of the fact they have a mutated gene. Since relatives have a high proportion of the same genes than is the case in unrelated people, it is likely related parents have similar recessive genes hence the children they have together are placed at a high risk of suffering from a genetic disorder. The risk of the disease been worse will depend on the parents’ genetic relationship.
Children of sibling-sibling or parent child relationships are at a high risk of such defects compared to those of cousin to cousin relationships. Inbreeding also results to higher phenotypic expression of recessive genes in a population than would be expected. Consequently, the first generation of inbred individuals re likely to have health and physical defects which include:
- Reduced fertility in the viability of sperm as well as litter size
- Increase in genetic disorders
- Facial asymmetry that is always changing
- Low birth rate
- High infant mortality
- Facial asymmetry that is always fluctuating
- Immune system loss function
- Small adult sizes
- Depression on the rate of growth which includes weight, height as well as body mass index.
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References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/inbreeding.aspx
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/inbreeding
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Sample Essay on Illinois Pension Crisis
Illinois Pension Crisis
Illinois is one of the great states in United States. It is the 5th most densely inhabited state with an extensive and diverse economic base. The dollar gross state product for Illinois by 2010 was estimated to be US$652 billion while the state’s taxpayer burden in 2011 approximately hit US$38,500 mark per taxpayer. On top of this, unemployment rate in the state was estimated at 11.5% as of March 2010 and it has been decreasing with time. Currently, Illinois is going through the worst pension crisis in history. The recent passage of the breakthrough Illinois pension bill implies that the long fight over how to address the massive pension crisis will shift to courts.
There has been a lot of hullabaloo on whether the Illinois pension issue is a crisis that demands nation attention or not. Many leaders within the state have controverted their statements many times on the issue. The pension crises that have been facing Illinois have not only impacted state operations, but also have threatened education, public safety, social services and any other area of the public interest. Like many other states in Unites States, the ratio of workers to pensioners has been declining on daily basis.
With many public servants anticipating for retirement security, there have been differences on whether to abide to the Illinois pension systems. If proper reforms are not decreed, many retirees will lose or have their pensions deducted. These taxpayers will be pushed into huge bailout and the youngsters in such for better jobs might not pension at all. With a bill being tabled by the Illinois senate, it is wise to keep a number of things about the Illinois 
pension crisis in mind. They include;
- The Illinois pension crisis is a vast burden to the taxpayers as they are on the nail for more than $203 billion in local pension and state deficit. This means that, every household has a deficit of $42,000.
- The structure of the Illinois pension system can be blamed for the catastrophes. Most of the residents unfunded liabilities are due disaster of defined benefit plans.
- More than 63% of current Illinois state pensioners retired before the age of 60 years, a decade before those in the private sector.
- The current pension bill will not save the day and common citizens as it will do more harm than the anticipated benefits. This is because the bill will only reduce Illinois pension deficit to 2011 levels. The bill also lets state workers to retire in their late 50s and enjoy full benefits that come with their retirement package. On top of this, the pension bill also reduces state work contributions, placing larger burden on the taxpayers.
- The average Illinois state retiree contributes only 6% of what they will receive in his or her pension payouts. This means that, many workers contribute less and expect to earn more when their retirement benefits are due.
Illinois is facing the worst pension crisis in United States. Pension reform bills have been passed, but many have been a step backward for the state. For Illinois to overcome this pension crisis, real reforms that will move the state away from defined benefits and in relation to worker-controlled retirements need to be ratified and save the state from indebtedness.
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References
http://illinoisreview.typepad.com/illinoisreview/2014/02/top-10-facts-about-illinois-pensions.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/04/illinois-pension-unions_n_4384069.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensions_crisis
http://www.illinoispolicy.org/five-reasons-why-madigans-pension-fix-is-a-step-backward/
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Sample Essay on Single Strand Binding Protein
Strand Binding Protein
Single strand binding protein can simply be defined as protein that binds to single-stranded DNA. This Process usually takes place near the replication fork for stabilization of the single strands. The SSB protein fights towards protecting the single stranded DNA from being consumed by the nucleases through the process of digestion. Besides, it also eliminates the secondary structure from the DNA so that other enzymes are able to effectively operate upon it.
Single stranded DNA can always be produced in every aspect of DNA metabolism. Such aspects include replication, repair and recombination. Single strand binding proteins are joined to numerous proteins that are involved in all processes of DNA metabolism. Besides, they are also very active in the modulation of these proteins. It should be noted that single strand binding proteins do not bind quite well to double stranded DNA.
DNA is usually stable when it is within a double helix under physiological conditions. However, this can only remain so if the complementary strands of DNA are in a similar location. After the double helix is separated by the enzyme helicase into single strands of DNA, there are higher chances that they try to re-construct the double helix. However, they need to be prevented from pursuing that course. The work of single strand binding protein is to ensure that these post-replication fork single strands of DNA do not regroup.
Single strand binding proteins are present in humans as well as bacteria and viruses. The only organisms that have not been found to contain the SSB proteins are Thermoproteales. The most ideal characterized single strand binding protein is obtained from bacteria known as E.coli. In this case, the SSB protein occupies a large number of DNA bases with regards to various factors. One of the main factors that play a role in this procedure is salt concentration.
DNA that has been changed from a double stranded form to a single stranded form can be said to have undergone denaturing. The objective of single strand binding protein is to prevent the denatured DNA from renaturing. It positions itself between two DNA strands that are undergoing replication or an individual one that is undergoing a similar process. However, emphasis is mainly placed on the latter.
A single strand binding protein ensures that even if it takes a long duration of time, renaturing of DNA does not take place. With this, there is no chance that replication of DNA shall take place. After this process, the work of the single strand binding protein is done and it is not needed anymore.
When studying single strand binding protein, it is important to also note that it binds to single stranded DNA in two different ways, limited and unlimited. Under limited, the protein clusters are only tied to the formation of dimmers of tetramers due to the interaction of four single strand binding subunits with single strand DNA. Under unlimited, there are chances of formation of long clusters of protein since they interact with one another on either sides of the protein that they are bound to.
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Reference:
http://www.biologyaspoetry.com/terms/single_strand_binding_protein.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-strand_binding_protein
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Sample Essay on Import Substitution Industrialization
Import Substitution Industrialization
Import substitution industrialization is an economic and trade theory that advocates for the replacement of foreign imports with products that are produced domestically. The premise of this theory is that a nation should try to reduce foreign dependency by producing industrialized products locally. Emerging markets and developing nations employ this economic theory to decrease dependency on the developed countries by increasing their self sufficiency.
The focus of countries that employ this theory is on the incubation and protection of the domestic infant producers or industries to enable them to emerge as the producers of goods that can compete with those of the developed countries. This policy also enhances self-sufficiency of the local economy.
Import substitution industrialization emerged during the post-World War II era in the Latin American nations. It uses different avenues that include subsidized loans from the government, tariffs and import quotas. Countries that practice import substitution industrialization policy aims at developing production channels for each stage of product’s development instead of focusing on the final products only.
This theory is considered as being counter-comparative advantage theory. Comparative advantage theory entails the specialization of countries in the production of items that have a specific advantage and engaging them in the international trade.
Import substitution industrialization theory has been advocated for by various economists including Friedrich List from the 18th centuries. However, it is used primarily in reference to the development economic theories of the 20th century. Its enactment is associated with the Global South countries that aimed at creating internal markets using this theory.
Import substitution industrialization works when a country leads in its economic development via subdivision of major industries, power generation and nationalization, embracing highly protectionist policies in trade and increasing taxation. Developing countries abandoned import substitution gradually from the 1980s to the 1990s as a result of structural indebtedness that was caused by policies that are related to this economic and trade theory. The World Bank and the IMF insisted that these countries abandon the theory by introducing market-driven liberalization structural adjustment programs in the Global South.
Although import substitution industrialization theory is considered as a development theory, it has political implementation as well as theoretical rationale. Some experts have argued that some or all industrialized nations followed the import substitution industrialization theory at some point. Mercantilist economic practices and theory adopted by some nations in the 18th, 17th and 16th century frequently advocated for the establishment of domestic import substitution and manufacturing.
Hamilton economic program especially the magnum and report opus by Alexander Hamilton advocated for self-sufficiency of the U.S with regards to manufactured goods. The American School is based on this program and it acted as an influential force during the industrialization of the United States in the 19th Century.
Nevertheless, economists have proved that although import substitution industrialization theory has apparent gains, it also produces high social and economic costs.
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Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/importsubstitutionindustrialization.asp
https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Import_substitution_industrialization.html
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/import-substitution-industrialization-ISI.html
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Sample Essay on Medieval ages
Medieval ages
The medieval period spans a period of over seven hundred years starting from the year 800. During this period, key advances were made in government, religion as well as society. The term “medieval” is derived from Latin and means “middle age”. The term was first introduced during the nineteenth century into English. This was during season of increased interest in history and art.
To date though, there is disagreement on when actually the medieval period begun with some historians arguing it was during the third century while others argue it was during the 4th century. Still there are those who argue this period was during the 5th century. The period is mostly associated with Roman Empire collapse which begun in 410 AD by most scholars. Similarly, scholars also disagree on when the period came to an end with some placing it towards the beginning of fifteenth century (Renaissance Period rise) while others place it in 1453 (when Constantinople was captured by Turkish forces,
William the Conqueror in 1066 led Norman Conquest of England and it caused feudalism and castles building. Feudalism developed continuously from that point till it reached its height. At that time, there weren’t much regional boundaries or unity outside large cities and as such, feudal system was form giving the societal climate a governmental structure basis.
Under this system, individuals had no option but that of serving under a superior. At the top, there was the king with knights, lords, nobles and the barons serving below him. Individuals were given protection in return for their services. Constitutional government basis can be traced to this period as well with signing of the Great Charter in 1215.
Following Charlemagne rule, Christianity spread quickly throughout Europe and service as the unifying force. This was greatly as a result of the 1054 Great Schism in which 2 religious competing authorities, Patriarch Michael I of Eastern Orthodox Church and Pope Leo IX of Roman Catholic Church excommunicated one another on the basis of authority dispute.
The crusades were a central part of this period as well. After the church split and Christianity expanded, crusades were launched with the aim of defending Christianity from the Islamic religion. Europeans amounting to the thousands found their way to Jerusalem where they waged war with the forces of Islam. They also settled in that area with the intention of regaining control over the Holy Land. For some time, the quest was a successful one and the crusades came to an effective end with the 1291 fall of Acre. Thousands died during these crusades however, the Europeans were enlightened with new technologies and they also discovered new trade routes.
Men, during medieval ages were supposed to be knowledgeable about fighting so they could serve the king upon demand. During this time, the soldiers were Archers, Foot Soldiers and Medieval Knights while some of the weapons used included crossbows, battle axes, spears, swords and flails etc.
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References
http://medieval-period.com/
http://classiclit.about.com/od/medievalmiddleenglish/a/aa_medieval.htm
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Sample Essay on Scopes Trial
Scopes Trial
Also referred to as the Scopes Monkey trial or the Scopes Evolution trial, Scopes Trial is a trial that started on July 10th, 1925. In the trail, John Thomas Scopes who was a high school coach and substitute teacher was charged with having violated the Butler Act by giving lessons on the theory of evolution to his students. According to the act, it was regarded as offensive to teach about any theory that was against the biblical theory of creation. Thus, Thomas Scopes was charged with going against the law by teaching his students that man had descended from apes.
The trial of Thomas Scopes occurred in Dayton, Tennessee. However, it is indicated that the trial was a move that had earlier on been planned together with other events in order to raise public attention. Those who orchestrated the events were local businessmen whose main intentions were that from the publicity stunt, they would be able to get more money trickling into the town. One thing about the entire trial is that the defendant was not even sure of whether he had at one point in time, taught his pupils about the evolution theory.
Just as expected by the businessmen who orchestrated the Scopes Trial, the events attracted many reports from the region. In fact, the trial became the first one to be broadcast on radio. Thomas James accepted to incriminate himself and undergo trial in the hope that the Butler Act would be challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union. Many students were encouraged to testify against Scopes during the trial. At the conclusion of the trial, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100. However, the verdict was later on thrown out after an appeal. The impact was that for the next five years, all textbooks in Tennessee were not to bear any mention of the phrase, evolution.
The ruling of Scopes case was a victorious signal for anti-evolutionists. As a result of the ruling, the law would remain in place for the next 42 years. However, it was repealed in 1967. The ruling came as a scare to many teachers such that teaching evolution in class was forgotten. It was only after the act was repealed that evolution began appearing in textbooks and being mentioned in classrooms.
As expected by the orchestrators, the Scopes trial drew a lot of publicity that eventually was good for business in town. The streets that led to the local courthouse were filled with hawkers, vendors and people doing various kinds of businesses. In fact, even booksellers made a killing from the trial since many people were flocking the courts to get a piece of the story. Evangelists too were not left out, most created open-air tabernacles where they encouraged the faithful to read their bibles.
The Scopes trial brought into the light, a trial as well as a theological contest on whether it is right to teach modern science with regards to the creation theory in schools.
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Reference:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/08/2/l_082_01.html
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Sample Comparison Essay on P2P vs. Client Server Networks
P2P vs. Client Server Networks
A network can either be a peer to peer network or a client server network. To understand the two, a comparison of P2P vs. client server networks is important. Peer to peer network is also called a workgroup network while server-based network is also known as client/server network.
In a P2P network, several computers are connected without a server but they share information, content or resources. The system does not require a central location where users can be authenticated, files stored and resources accessed.
This implies that users have to remember the computers in a workgroup that has information or resources that they are looking for at any particular time. Users are also required to log in to every computer that has the information or resources that they want to access.
Information or resources are generally stored in multiple computers in a P2P network. This means that users have difficulties in tracking the information that they want. Backing up crucial business information is also difficult. For this reason, most small businesses do not have complete backups. In most cases, businesses have different versions of similar files on different PCs in a workgroup.
There are P2P networks where small businesses use a single computer to run the operating system of the client. This can be a Windows X Professional or Windows 98. In this case, the computer acts as a designated “server” in the network. However, despite helping in saving data at a central location, this does not offer a robust solution to the needs of small businesses such as documents collaboration.
A client server network is different. In a client server network, there is a computer that acts as the server and the central location for users to access and share resources in a single network. The data that all computers in the network can access and share is found in a single, central location.
This makes it easier for users to back up crucial business information. Every computer that is connected to a client server network is known as a client computer. In this network, each user has an account and a password that they use in logging in to this server and access the shared resources.
The operating system of the central computer or the server is designed in a way that enables it to handle the operations and loads of the system even when there are multiple client computers accessing the resources. In most client server networks, Windows SBS 2008 is used. This is because it offers a central point where users are authenticated. It also enables the users to access and store information or resources.
In terms of cost, P2P network is more effective than client server network. However, if you have an IT expert to manage it, you can install a client server network. P2P network is suitable for a business that has few employees sharing files and printer occasionally.
Both networks are used in sharing and accessing files, data or resources. They can also be used by small and large organizations depending on their financial capability and file sharing needs.
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Comparing P2P vs. client server networks brings out the differences and similarities of these networks clearly. However, you must conduct an extensive research to write a comparison essay of the two networks. Nevertheless, we can write this essay for you at Essays Experts upon request.
Sources
http://www.ehow.com/about_5380893_peertopeer-vs-clientserver-networks.html
http://www.americanbar.org/newsletter/publications/gp_solo_magazine_home/gp_solo_magazine_index/tsp97jure1.html
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc527483%28v=ws.10%29.aspx
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/understanding-the-differences-between-client-server-and-peer-to-peer-networks/
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Sample Essay on Merger Pros and Cons
Merger Pros and Cons
Considering the merger pros and cons can enable you to determine whether this business move is beneficial to shareholders and top executives of the involved firms or it is done in the interest of the public. Just like most business moves, a merger has its pros and cons.
One of the pros of a merger is the establishment of network economies. In some business sectors, it is important to offer a national or regional network. This implies that economies of scale are very significant because a regional or national network can mean that firms pull resources to offer more efficient services.
A merger can also boost research that is needed to develop a business or an industrial sector. For companies to create new products or invent new technologies, they need to spend money in research, analysis and development. A merger makes companies more profitable because it brings the funds required for research from the two or more companies together. This is vital for industries like those involved in drug research.
Monopoly regulation is another pro of a merger. A company can gain monopoly in a sector that it specializes in through a merger. This is because the companies that come together use their resources in developing products for the same niche of consumers. By benefiting from the economies of scale that comes with a merger, consumers are saved from possible monopoly prices.
A merger enables a company to avoid duplication. Mergers are sensible in certain industries. For instance, if businesses are competing for passengers on the same road, consumers can benefit from having a single firm with low charges in the region. Apart from this, a merger can also reduce congestion and benefit the environment.
Nevertheless, a merger has its cons as well. These include higher prices that come from reduced competition. A newly established firm has monopoly power due to the reduced competition which gives it a larger market share. Thus, the company can increase prices and consumers will pay if there are no competitors in a region.
A merger can leave consumers with fewer choices. This implies that they will buy the products or hire services of a newly formed company even if they are not pleased by them.
In some cases, a merger can cause job losses. This is usually a concern for most parties especially if the takeover is hostile or caused by the need for an asset stripping. A company that wants to merge might do so because it wants to eliminate some of the under-performing sectors.
A merger can also lead to diseconomies of scale. The newly established company can experience diseconomies of scale due to its increased size. Once a merger has taken place, the new firm that is larger than the initial ones may not have the capacity to ensure effective control and it might have difficulties in motivating workers. Workers who feel like they are a mere part of a large multinational can also be less motivated to perform.
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A merger results in a larger firm than the initial firms. However, it has its pros and cons that require research and critical analysis to write an essay on. At Essays Experts, we can do the research and writing for you. Just place an order for your essay on merger pros and cons now and we will write this essay for you.
Sources
http://www.ehow.com/about_5097859_pros-cons-merger.html
http://www.chiroeco.com/article/1998/JanFeb/Fin1.php
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7416214_pros-merging-acquiring-another-company.html
http://www.mayfieldk12.com/merger/merger_pros_cons.cfm
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Sample Essay on the Causes of Spanish Empire Decline
Spanish Empire Decline
The reign of Spanish Empire was considered a growth of political power and a sign of prestige especially in the 16th century. However, during the 17th century, many writers and political experts considered it a period of Spanish empire decline because of a number of factors including:
Signing of a twelve year truce with the Dutch by Spain in 1609- This was a humiliating agreement for the Spanish as it acknowledged Dutch independence.
Spanish infantry also affected in 1643 leading to a major defeat for the Spanish as they were decimated at the battle of Rocroi, in Northern France by the French forces. This is an event that damaged the reputation of Spain and contributed to the decline of the empire.
Spain was also forced to recognize the sovereignty of the Dutch in 1648
In 1659, the Spanish had to cede territories of Roussillon and Cerdagne to France
The Franche-Comte in 1674 was also invaded by France and Spain had to officially recognize its loss in 1678.
There was also internal separatist Spanish in Aragon in 1648 and in Andalusia as well as a separatist rebellion in Naples between 1647 and 1648. These events played a role in the decline of Spanish empire and its reign.
In 1640, a major event that played a crucial role in the decline of the empire occurred. The Catalans in Portugal and Catalonia rebelled because they were tired of Castilians and demanded to fight the French. They also rebelled because they feared the loss of their local laws of fueros which their strong man, Castile had proposed in 1624.
Catalonia was therefore annexed by the French as Castile’s efforts to crush it failed. As a result, the Castilians and Castilian forces were fought allowing the Catalans to regain their independence in 1668. This was one of the major events during the Spanish reign as it marked the end of Castilian dominance over the Portuguese for the past 88 years.
Similarly, things overseas got worse and did not favor the Spanish empire. Spanish treasure fleets were constantly harassed by the Dutch and Spanish territories faced constant threats. In 1628, the Dutch captured an entire Spanish fleet as it prepared to cross the transatlantic. In 1656 and 1657, the English also laid a lot of waste to the fleet.
Additionally, trading posts in Brazil and Dutch forts in the country and in India and Indonesia threated Portuguese interests. This led to the decline of the empire as it forced the unity between Spanish and the Portuguese.
The other reason that contributed to the decline of the Spanish empire is that Spain lost its precious land overseas. The English seized Jamaica and as a result, Spain was forced to recognize English occupation of the Island between 1667 and 1670. Later on in 1697, France took over the Island of Hispaniola, today popularly known as Haiti and Dominican Republic.
Therefore, the 17th century marked the decline of the Spanish empire and Spanish hegemony. The trend continued through the 18th and 19th centuries as England and France planned for more imperial adventures. The empire disintegrated and by the end of the 17th century, Spain shifted powers to France.
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Sources
http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/9234/decline-of-the-spanish-empire
http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/17th-c-spain-overview-politics/default_114.aspx
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Sample Essay on the Causes of Spanish Empire Decline
Causes of Spanish Empire Decline
The reign of Spanish Empire was considered a growth of political power and a sign of prestige especially in the 16th century. However, during the 17th century, many writers and political experts considered it a period of decline for the empire because of a number of factors including
Signing of a twelve year truce with the Dutch by Spain in 1609- This was a humiliating agreement for the Spanish as it acknowledged Dutch independence.
Spanish infantry also affected in 1643 leading to a major defeat for the Spanish as they were decimated at the battle of Rocroi, in Northern France by the French forces. This is an event that damaged the reputation of Spain and contributed to the decline of the empire.
Spain was also forced to recognize the sovereignty of the Dutch in 1648
In 1659, the Spanish had to cede territories of Roussillon and Cerdagne to France
The Franche-Comte in 1674 was also invaded by France and Spain had to officially recognize its loss in 1678.
There was also internal separatist Spanish in Aragon in 1648 and in Andalusia as well as a separatist rebellion in Naples between 1647 and 1648. These events played a role in the decline of Spanish empire and its reign.
In 1640, a major event that played a crucial role in the decline of the empire occurred. The Catalans in Portugal and Catalonia rebelled because they were tired of Castilians and demanded to fight the French. They also rebelled because they feared the loss of their local laws of fueros which their strong man, Castile had proposed in 1624.
Catalonia was therefore annexed by the French as Castile’s efforts to crush it failed. As a result, the Castilians and Castilian forces were fought allowing the Catalans to regain their independence in 1668. This was one of the major events during the Spanish reign as it marked the end of Castilian dominance over the Portuguese for the past 88 years.
Similarly, things overseas got worse and did not favor the Spanish empire. Spanish treasure fleets were constantly harassed by the Dutch and Spanish territories faced constant threats. In 1628, the Dutch captured an entire Spanish fleet as it prepared to cross the transatlantic. In 1656 and 1657, the English also laid a lot of waste to the fleet.
Additionally, trading posts in Brazil and Dutch forts in the country and in India and Indonesia threated Portuguese interests. This led to the decline of the empire as it forced the unity between Spanish and the Portuguese.
The other reason that contributed to the decline of the Spanish empire is that Spain lost its precious land overseas. The English seized Jamaica and as a result, Spain was forced to recognize English occupation of the Island between 1667 and 1670. Later on in 1697, France took over the Island of Hispaniola, today popularly known as Haiti and Dominican Republic.
Therefore, the 17th century marked the decline of the Spanish empire and Spanish hegemony. The trend continued through the 18th and 19th centuries as England and France planned for more imperial adventures. The empire disintegrated and by the end of the 17th century, Spain shifted powers to France.
This essay is an example of essays we write at Essays Experts. We have a team of experts that helps students to submit quality and award winning essays. Place your order today and enjoy our services.
Sources
http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/9234/decline-of-the-spanish-empire
http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/17th-c-spain-overview-politics/default_114.aspx
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Essay on Mary I of England
Mary I of England
Queen Mary I was born in 1516 to King Henry VIII and Catharine of Aragon. It is important to note that Mary was the only child who survived infancy in the marriage. She ruled as Queen of England from 1553 to 1558 when she died at the age of 42.
The early years of Mary I of England were mired with a range of challenges. Firstly, she was separated from her father following the divorce between King Henry VIII and Catharine. However, the separation would be seen as annulment of the marriage in modern days. Since the marriage was invalid, Mary I was deprived of some royal privileges as a claimant of the throne. This infuriated her, and got angry with her father for denouncing the Roman Catholic Church, which was against the King’s divorce. She believed that his father, King Henry VIII was responsible for her illegitimacy to the throne. According to Mary, if the King had obeyed the RCC, her right to inherit the throne would not be questioned by anyone. Holding this position, Mary cemented her loyalty to Rome. However, by the time her father died, she was second in lineage after Edward, her half-brother, who was sickly.
Queen Mary I rose to the throne in 1553 following the death of Edward. At this time, Protestantism had gained ground and proposed Lady Jane Grey, who was Mary’s cousin to take over the throne. However, Mary received public sympathy and took over the throne. She was inaugurated as Queen of England on November 30, 1553. With all the powers she had, Mary ordered the execution of Lady Jane Grey, her cousin to prevent her future attempts to oust her. This earned her the unofficial title “Bloody Mary”. Many people believed that Lady Jane would have live were it not for the interference of the Spanish diplomats.
As mentioned before, Mary I was not happy with alienation from Rome, which was instituted by his father, King Henry VIII, leading to the establishment of Protestantism in England. While on power, Mary tried to get back England to RCC. Bloody Mary had hundreds of Protestants executed, including leaders and bishops. First to be murdered was John Rodgers who published the “Matthews-Tyndale Bible”. Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury was the second, before hundreds of others followed during Mary’s bloody terror reign. Roman Catholicism restoration by Mary I was remarkable. Most of the Protestant bishops were loyal during the reign of Elizabeth I, dying as they served house arrest terms.
Because of her inclination towards the Roman Catholic, Mary I introduced a raft of social reforms, which terribly backfired. Many people did not recognize her marriage to Phillip II of Spain, which took place in 1554. This marriage would not stand the test of time, since Mary could not give birth. She died of ovarian and uterine cancer. Following her age at 42, she was succeeded by Elizabeth I, her half-sister, who undid most of her failed social reforms. Among other things, Elizabeth I took England back to its Protestant state. Because of the turn of events in England, English refugees in Switzerland published the “Geneva Bible” before they returned home and printed the Protestant Geneva Bible.
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http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/queen-mary.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml
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